关于用时差法测量超声波的研究.DOCVIP

用时差法测量超声声速 ——110401238 电信2班 王妙林引言：声波是一种在弹性媒质中传播的机械波。声波在媒质中传播时,声速和媒质的特性与状态有关,通过测量声速可以探知媒质的特性及状态变化。例如,通过测量声速可以求出固体的弹性模量、气体液体的密度、成份等参量。在同一均匀媒质中,声速基本上与频率无关。由于超声波具有定向性好、波长短、不会造成听觉污染等优点,因此通常通过测量超声波的速度来确定声速,而且超声波在医学诊断、无损检测、测距等方面都有广泛应用。声速测量方法可分为两类。第一类方法利用波长频率关系式V=fλ,测量出波长λ和频率f来计算出声速V,通常在波动学中称这类方法测量的波速为相速度,在实验室中测量波长时又可用“共振干涉法”或“相位比较法”,大学物理实验通常采用这两种方法测量。第二类方法是直接根据关系式V=S/t,测出传播距离S和所需时间t后即可算出声速V,称为“时差法”,在波动学中称这类方法测量的波速为群速度。如果波在同一均匀媒质中传播,两类方法测量的声速是一样的。其中时差法测量声速是工程应用中常用的方法,例如在海洋舰船上使用声纳来测量距离和方位。Preface: a sound wave is a wave in the spread of the elastic medium. Sound waves travel in medium, the sound velocity and the characteristics and state of the medium, by measuring the sound velocity can detection the properties of the medium and state changes. For example, by measuring the sound velocity can work out the elastic modulus of the solid, gas liquid density, composition, etc. In the same uniform medium, the sound velocity has nothing to do with the frequency. Because the ultrasonic has good directional, short wavelength, wont cause hearing pollution etc, and therefore usually determined by measuring the speed of ultrasonic wave velocity, and ultrasonic in medical diagnosis, nondestructive testing, distance and so on are widely used. Velocity measurement method can be divided into two categories. The first kind of method using wavelength frequency equation V = f lambda, measure wavelength lambda and frequency f to calculate velocity V, usually said in wave to learn this kind of method measuring the wave velocity is the velocity, in the laboratory measurement wavelength can be used again when the resonant interfering method or phase comparison method , the university physics experiment is usually measured using the two methods. The second method is to directly according to the relation between V = S/t, S to measure transmission distance and time needed for t after can calculate velocity V, is called the jet lag, said in wave to lear