聊城耕地土壤中有机氯农药的组成特征和生态风险评价论文.docVIP

聊城大学本科毕业论文（设计）PAGE PAGE I聊城大学本科毕业论文（设计）目 录前 言11 TOC \o 1-3 \u 样品采集和分析方法 11.1样品采集与测定 11.2分析标准和方法 22 结果与讨论 42.1聊城耕地土壤中OCPs的残留特征 42.2聊城耕地土壤中OCPs的组成特征 42.3聊城耕地土壤中OCPs生态风险评价 6结论 8参考文献 9致谢 PAGEREF _Toc293345760 \h 11摘 要通过GPS定位在聊城耕地土壤中布设136个采样点，利用ASE萃取技术，采用GC-ECD方法测定了样品中六六六（HCHs）、滴滴涕（DDTs）、六氯苯、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂和七氯的残留量，并进行了生态风险评价。结果表明，各有机氯农药残留分布不均，在地域间存在较大差异。其中DDTs检出率最高，达94.1%，残留量也最高，达128.75 ug.kg-1，达到重污染级别，而其他6种有机氯农药均在安全范围以内。生态风险评价结果表明，HCHs的生态风险较低，而DDTs对土壤生物和鸟类有一定程度的生态风险，对哺乳动物的风险较低。关键词：聊城地区；耕地土壤；有机氯农药；组成特征；生态风险 Abstract136 surface soil samples were collected in Liaocheng city using method of GRS.The samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)and the detectable rates and residual amounts of 7 kinds of organochlorine pesticides, including HCHs, DDTs, hexachlorobenzene, Aldrin, Endrine and heptachlor ,were analyzed using GC-ECD, And the ecological risk assessment. The results show that all organic chlorine pesticide residues in between uneven distribution, regional differences. One of the highest DDTs detection, the remaining 94.1%, supreme, 128.75 ug. kg -1, heavy pollution levels reached, and other 6 kinds of organochlorine pesticides are within the security. The organic chlorine agricultural chemicals residual quantity compares with in the domestic other areas farming soil, in the Liaocheng area farming soil the organic chlorine agricultural chemicals are relatively low. Demonstrated from the ecology risk analysis that in the Liaocheng farming soil the HCHs ecology risk is low, but DDTs possibly has certain ecology risk to the birds and the soil organisms.Key word : Liaocheng area；Farming soil；Organochlorine pesticides；Compositive characteristics；Ecological risk聊城大学本科毕业论文（设计） PAGE 11聊城耕地土壤中有机氯农药的组成特征和生态风险评价前 言 有机氯农药是我国20世纪60~70年代曾广泛使用的有机合成农药。它作为持久性有机污染物（POPs）是目前公认的环境优先控制污染物[1]，具有持久性强、生物蓄积性、半挥发性和高毒性，以及能够在大气环境中长距离迁移等特，其中BHCs和DDTs是有机氯农药的代表性污染物。过去三十多年，我国累计使用六六六和滴滴涕约5×106 t，虽然他们在农林害虫防治等方面发挥重大作用，但是由于其毒害性强、降解缓慢且蓄积性强，严重污染了土壤环境[2～3]。