陕西省大气探测技术保障中心ppt课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * TYPES OF CONTAINERS Dry freight General purpose container High cube 9’6” high vs. standard 8’6” for additional volume Reefer or insulated or refrigerated For cooling, freezing, or heating of foods or chemicals See /irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/gl007607.htm for a complete ISO listing. FIND EXAMPLES OF THESE ON THE WEB Types of ocean transports Cargo, tanker, RORO, … Port / dock operations / gantry crane Container loading software Types of air transport Dunnage PACKAGING ISSUES:INTERMODAL STRESS POINTS PLACE FORCES Truck Acceleration / Deceleration [increasing speed; slowing; stopping] Centrifugal [making turns; curves] Retardation [slowing; stopping] Vibrations from movement and bumps Transfer point Acceleration [lifting; lowering] Impact [dropping onto surface] Retardation [slowing; stopping] Rail car Same as truck plus Shunting [train car switching operations] Port Same as truck plus Impact [dropping onto surface] Ship Centrifugal [ship movements] Heaving [the movement of the ship in response to the waves] Pitching [the up-and-down motion of a ship] Rolling [the side-to-side motion of a ship] Swaying [the rocking motion of a ship] Vibrations [caused by wave and impact forces] Yawing [the degree to which the ship is pointed away from its intended course] Distribution system testing ISTA procedures ASTM D-4169, D-4728, D-999 Mil specs Company specified tests Custom test protocols UN, IATA, ICAO HAZMAT PACKAGE TESTING Product testing inside the package Temperature / Humidity testing Mullen Burst testing / ECT system testing Shock testing Incline-impact testing Compression testing Drop testing Vi