三大城市pm2.5波动及影响因素的统计研究-statistical research on pm 2.5 fluctuation and its influencing factors in three major cities.docxVIP
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三大城市pm2.5波动及影响因素的统计研究-statistical research on pm 2.5 fluctuation and its influencing factors in three major cities
摘要2011年10月以来,我国多地持续出现的大雾天气严重影响了居民的日常生活,在引发人们对空气质量问题担扰的同时,也让PM2.5这样一个专业性很强的词汇进入公众视野。随着我国经济的高速发展、城市化进程的加快和工业规模的扩大,区域性大气污染日益严重,对公众健康和城市景观构成巨大威胁,在此背景之下,PM2.5日益成为现今社会普遍关注的热点问题。因此,从科学角度深入研究PM2.5的内在波动规律和外在影响因素势在必行,对日后的空气治理、环境监测、疾病防御均具有一定的指导意义。研究的主要内容是选取我国北京、成都、广州三大具有地域代表性的城市,以其PM2.524小时实时波动数据和空气质量指数月度数据为研究对象,分别利用小波分析法和径向基神经网络模型对PM2.5的实时波动规律和影响因素做统计分析。在波动分析中,通过实时数据的描述性分析可以发现:三座城市的PM2.5浓度值特征十分明显,且无论哪个城市,污染物浓度值均在夜间达到极值,早上随温度上升而逐渐下降。在后续的小波预测中,先利用小波变换对PM2.5的实时波动数据进行分解,得到各级小波的变化序列和尺度变换序列,再利用一维小波函数waverec对原始数列进行重构,重构序列与原始序列对比发现滤掉高频波动的序列走势更清晰,预测误差小于原始序列,预测的效果较好。在影响因素分析中,避开常用的温度、风速等气象因素,以三大城市空气质量月均数据和汽车、电子、石油三大产业产值、客运量、货运量等相关数据为研究对象,通过径向基神经网络模型分析各个因素对空气质量的影响大小,结果发现:无论是哪个城市,客运量和货运量都是对PM2.5的波动影响最大的因素。关键词:PM2.5;空气质量指数;小波分析;径向基神经网络IAbstractAstheairpollutionhasbecomethemostseriousprobleminmanycitiessinceOctober2011,PM2.5andAirQualityIndex(AQI)getmoreandmoreconcernamongotherpollutionindiceswhichcanposeagreatthreattopublichealthandurbanenvironment.ThesemaketheresearchoftheinnervariationruleandexternalinfluencingfactorsofPM2.5isimperativeandmeaningful.ThispaperselectsBeijing,Guangzhou,Chengduastheresearchobjects,usingPM2.5andAQIdatatotesttheinfluencefactorsandfluctuationwithwaveletanalysisandRBFneuralnetwork.Throughtheanalysisofthreecitieswecanfoundthatnomatterwhichcity,thepollutantdensitypeakedduringthenight,andinthedaytime,theconcentrationofPM2.5declinedgradually.WavelettransformofPM2.5candecompositedandrestrictedtheoriginalsequence,anditisobviouslythatthewaveletanalysiscanbetterpredictthetrendoffluctuationsthantheoriginalsequence.Intheanalysisofinfluencingfactors,RBFneuralnetworkmodelwasusedtoanalyzetheinfluenceofvariousfactorsonPM2.5,accordingtotherelatedresearch,wefoundthatthecurrentresearchmainlyfocusonthechemicalcompositionofPM2.5throughprofessionalinstrumenttodetermineinsteadofusingstatisticalanalysis,butthispaperselectPM2.5monthlydata,electronicandoilindustryoutputvalueandotherindicatorsastheresearchobject,theresultsshowedthat:passengerandfreightvolumeisoneofthebiggestfactorsinflu
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