神学个人主义的此世化——加尔文政治思想分析-the secularization of theological individualism - an analysis of calvins political thought.docx

摘要革命作为制约政治统治者的最后屏障。中世纪教会与世俗政府的二元对立，被彻底转换成了现代个人权利与政治权力的对立。关键词：加尔文个人主义神学个人主义新教此世化ABSTRACTTHIS-WORLDLIZATIONOFTHEOLOGICALINDIVIDUALISM:ASTUDYONJOHNCALVIN’SPOLITICALTHOUGHTABSTRACTThisdissertationaimstorevealtherelationshipbetweenindividualismspritinCalvin’stheologyandthemodernindividualism.AndthisisacluetoanalysesCalvin’spoliticalthoughtandthelinkbetweenitandclassicalliberalism.Christianitywasoriginallyauniquedoctrineofsalvationoftheindividualsoul.Itstrippedpeoplesspirituallivesfromtheholismsecularsociety,sowedtheseedoftheologicalindividualism.However,withtheorganizationandexpansionofthespiritauthorityofthechurch,itsuccessfullyinvolvedintherelationshipbetweenthebelieverandGod.Churchimplementedthemostrigorousandstringentcontrolofspiritualworldofbelievers.Theoriginallyindividualismwasabsorbedtotheholismofthechurch.Luther’sdoctrineofJustificationbyfaith”fundamentallydestroyedofthebasisofchurchspiritualpowers.Hisprincipleof“Priesthoodofallbelievers”subvertedthehierarchyinchurch.LutherdeclaredhimselfinordertorestoretheoriginalfreedomofChristianbelievers.TheyonlyresponsibletoGodinspiritualmatters,itistherevivaloftheologicalindividualism.Lutherstrictlylimitedtheologicalindividualismintoinvisiblechurch,thevisiblechurchandseculargovernmenthasnotbeenimpactedbythisindividualism.Theorganizationofthechurchandseculargovernmenthandedovertothesecularauthorities.Luthercreatedaseculargovernmentwithoutanychurchtocompete.HesonlyexhortedtheChristianmonarch中国政法大学博士学位论文神学个人主义的此世化——加尔文政治思想研究andofficialstoactaccordingtotheChristianway,butdidnotgiveanykindofsystemicpoliticaldoctrine.Anabaptistinpracticecanceledpoliticallifeaswellasthelegitimacyofthevisiblechurch,replacedthewholecommunitywithinvisiblechurch.Theydonotrecognizethelegitimacyoftheseculargovernmentandsecularpower,doesnotallowChristianstotakeofficial,toparticipateintheproceedingsortojointhearmy.Anabaptistidealwaytowardtwoextremes:negativeexitorradicaldestruction.Intheearlyyears,CalvinstheologybasicallyrepeatedLuther’s.Thushispolitical