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- 2018-07-31 发布于上海
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涉外离婚的准据法选择问题分析-analysis on the choice of applicable law for foreign-related divorce
摘要各国法律对涉外离婚问题的法律规定有许多不同,涉及到的法律适用问题非常复杂,在适用法律时需要解决的是两个或两个以上国家的婚姻家庭法(或亲属法)的冲突问题。涉外离婚的法律适用问题只有在确定了管辖法院之后才能解决,为此,各国采用了几种不同的立法方式来解决管辖权问题:法院地法说、属入法说、折衷说、以国际主义立场为依据确立管辖权。各国在确立涉外离婚的准据法选择上主要采用了法院地法说、属人注说、选择重叠适用当事人属入法和法院地法说。但是,单一适用法院地法或属入法,既会造成政脚婚姻的现象,损害当事人的利益,又会阻碍各法域法律选择规则的协调,而选择或重叠适用当事人属人法和法院地法,会牺牲当事人的利益,给当事人的离婚带来重重困难。因此,为了解决旧的学说存在的缺陷问题,国际上涉外离婚的准据法选择出现了新的趋势:适用有利于离婚的法律、引入最密切联系原则和意思自治原则作为确定涉外离婚准据法的方法。这些新方法的采用,给涉外离婚准据法的确定带来了新的气象。而我国涉外离婚的法律适用问题只是在《民法通则》第八章和《民事诉讼法》第四编总共才两个条文有规定,加上一些司法解释,显得零乱且过于简单,在涉外离婚管辖权方面的规定过分强调了国家主权,忽视了国际协调,为此,改革的方向是:制定中国国际私法法典,设离婚专章,包括涉外离婚的管辖权和法律适用两部分。坚持国家主权原则,引入不方便法院原则来确立一个既明确又灵活开放的涉外离婚管辖权制度,遵循当事人意思自治原则飞最密切联系原则、有利于离婚原则来确立涉外离婚的准据法。关键词:离婚,最密切联系原则,意思自治原则,有利离婚原则ABSTRACTOwingtothegreatdifferenceofprovisionsoflawsconcemingofinternationaldivorceinvariouscountries,therefore,theproblemsofapplicablelawinvolvedarequitecompli臼ted,andwhatdemandsresolvingisth巳conflictsofmaITiageandfarnilylaworrelativelawbetweentwoormorethantwocountries.Onlyaftertherulingcourthouseisdecidedcantheproblemsofapplicablelawconcerninginternationaldivorceberesolved.Thus,di侄erentcountriesadoptdifferentlegislationtoresolvethejurisdictionproblem:lexforisay,lexpersonalissay,compromisedsay,regardingintemationaldoctrinepositionasthebasisestablishmentjurisdiction,manycountriesmainlyadoptlexforisay,lexpersonalissay,thechoi四ortheoverlappedapplicationofthelexforisayandlexpersonalissayontheestablishmentofthelawsconcemingintemationaldivorce.Butthesingularadoptionoflexforisayorlexpersonalissaywillresultinthephenomenonofcrippledmarriagewhichdamagesthebenefitsofthepartyconcerned,inadditionitwillhinderthec∞rdinationofchoi臼ineachlawarea.Ontheotherhand,thechoiceortheoverlappedapplicationofbothlexforisayandthelexpersonalissaywillsacrifice,thebenefitsofthep缸tyconcerned,bringingmanydifficultiestothedivorceofthepartycon臼rned.Asaresult,toso1vetheproblernsexistingintheoldtheory,anewtrendfortheestab1ishmentofthelaw∞ncerninginternationaldivorceappears:applyfavordivor四song,introdu由币1巳DoctrineofTheMostSignificantRelationsh
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