水室封头加工刀具残余应力产生原因探究及有限元研究-investigation and finite element study on the causes of residual stress of water chamber head cutting tools.docxVIP
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水室封头加工刀具残余应力产生原因探究及有限元研究-investigation and finite element study on the causes of residual stress of water chamber head cutting tools
水室封头加工刀具残余应力产生原因探究及有限元分析摘要在对水室封头切削加工工艺进行研究过程中,发现在其拉荒过程中重型焊接车刀的破损情况严重,导致生产效率极低。而刀具残余应力是造成刀具在切削过程中过早失效的重要原因之一,对于重型焊接车刀而言残余应力的来源主要有两方面,即由焊接产生的残余应力和由切削产生的残余应力,本文分别对这两种来源的残余应力进行研究分析。首先,从焊接车刀的各部分(YT5刀片,钎料,45钢刀体)的材料属性和焊接工艺进行分析,探究焊接残余应力产生的主要原因,并进行焊接试验,再针对焊接过程相关参数对焊接残余应力进行有限元仿真分析,根据仿真结果分析焊接车刀中焊接残余应力分布情况,并为焊接残余应力测试中测试点位置的确定提供依据。其次,对切削过程中温度场和应力场进行分析,通过有限元仿真分析切削温度和切削应力对刀具残余应力影响,并利用切削试验对理论分析结论进行验证,同时对刀片进行磨损试验,确定月牙洼磨损中心位置,分析切削残余应力与月牙洼磨损之间的关系。进而,对纳米压痕法基本原理进行分析基础上,优选纳米压痕法测试的最佳理论模型,对焊接刀片焊缝处和刀片切削区域进行残余应力测试试验,并分别对试验结果进行分析。在对焊接刀片测试之前,先利用扫描电镜选择无明显焊接缺陷并且焊接各部分元素扩散良好的试件进行测试。最后,在对重型焊接刀具焊接残余应力和切削残余应力的研究基础上,尝试对两种形式的残余应力进行控制,为了降低焊接残余应力,对焊后的刀具进行振动时效和超声冲击处理,并对处理后样件进行验证性试验。而为了降低切削残余应力,利用有限元仿真优化切削参数,并且根据重型切削加工要求设计新型三维槽型刀片。关键词刀具残余应力;硬质合金;纳米压痕法;振动时效;水室封头ResearchonResidualStressoftheWaterChamberHeadCuttingToolandFiniteElementAnalysisAbstractInthestudyofwaterchamberheadmachiningtechnologyprocess,wefoundthattheweldingtool’sbreakagewasseriousintheprocessofremovingmostofthematerial,resultinglowproductionefficiency.Thestudyfoundthatcuttingtoolresidualstresswasoneofthemaincausesofthecuttingtoolprematurefailureinthecuttingprocess.Fortheheavy-dutycarbideweldingtool,thesourceoftheresidualstressmainlyhavetwoaspects,whichareproducedbytheprocessofweldingandproducedbytheprocessofcutting.Inthispaper,wemadeafurtherresearchonthesourceoftwokindsofresidualstress.Firstofall,fromthematerialspropertiesofseveralpartsinthetools(YT5inserts,solderandsteel45cuttingtoolbody)andweldingprocessofheavy-dutycarbideweldingtool,webegantoexplorethemaincauseofweldingresidualstressandmadetheweldingexperiments,andusedthefiniteelementsoftwaresimulationtoanalyzetheweldingprocess.Weanalyzedthedistributionofweldingresidualstressinthetoolaccordingtotheresultsofsimulation.What’smore,basedonthisresults,wedeterminedthetestpointinthetestofweldingresidualstress.Second,weanalyzedthecuttingtemperaturefieldandstressfieldinthecuttingprocess.Throughthetheorycombinedwithfiniteelementsimulation,weanalyzeditwassignificanteffectsoncuttingtoolresidualstress
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