施肇曾分析——以铁路 居士佛教 慈善公益为中心-shi zhaocengs analysis - centered on the railway lay peoples buddhist charity.docxVIP

英文摘要 施肇曾研究——以铁路、居士佛教、慈善公益为中心 Study on Shi zhaozeng ——focusing on the Railway,Lay Buddhism And Charity Abstract Shi Zhaozeng was a famous official, a lay Buddhist and a philanthropist in the modern history of China.Shi Zhaozeng participated in the railway construction, the lay Buddhism, the public welfare etc. in the ages of both late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. Those achievements he accomplished made him importantly influenced to the modern history of China. Shi Zhaozeng was born in a rich silk merchant family in town Zhenze, Wujiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu province. After having received education from regular Confucian schools, he learned the western knowledge from St. John’s University in Shanghai. In his youth, he served under the Qing regime as expectant magistrate and later as expectant prefect. He rendered good service at the relief works against flood in northern China. He was an attache in the Chinese Legation at Washington D.C. from 1893 to 1895.Then as Consul-General in New York City from 1896 to 1897. In the winter of 1897 he returned to China and at once became the superintendent of the Hangyang Iron Works. He was the commissioner of Shanghai-Nanjing Railway from 1905 to 1907 and its managing director from 1907 to 1909. In 1910 he was the appointed director of Beijing-Hankou Railway. After the establishment of People’s Republic of China, Shi Zhaozeng was appointed the Director-General of Long-Hai Railway. In September 1922 he relieved from Long-Hai Railway.He lived in seclusion in Shanghai since 1913.Shi Zhaozeng held appointments as the chief of World Lay Buddhist Association and the president of Jueyuan Pure Karma Society. His president of Jueyuan Pure Karma Society tenure last as long as 10 years. Shi Zhaozeng modernized Lay Buddhism in Shanghai via philanthropy and preaching at the same time. Shi Zhaozeng was good at doing business, investments and industries. He got a huge amount of wealth. Shi Zhaozeng had the wealth obtained for public welfare a