心血管疾病 黑龙江省精品课程网络制作系统2007高校版ppt课件.pptVIP

第三节 脑卒中（Stroke） 脑卒中又称为脑血管意外或中风，是由于脑血管异常所造成的突发性神经功能损害 A stroke (sometimes called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)) is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain, caused by a blocked or burst blood vessel. 中国的脑卒中现状 第一／二大死因 每年新发脑卒中患者1,500,000人 每年死于脑卒中患者1,000,000人 脑卒中存活病6,000,000人 成人致残的主要原因 出院后需长期护理的主要疾病 每年经济损失100亿人民币 一、脑卒中的流行病学特征epidemic characteristic of stroke （一）地区分布(geographic distribution) 脑卒中在地理分布上存在差异，这种差异不仅仅是国家间，还存在于同一国家的不同地区之间. There is difference in the geographical distribution of stroke, such differences exist not only among countries, but also in different parts of the same country. （二）时间分布(time distribution) 除东欧国家外，英、法、美、加、澳、日等工业发达国家，在过去40年里脑卒中死亡率持续下降. The mortality rate of stroke continued to decline in Britain, France, United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and other industrialized countries during the past 40 years, except for the Eastern European countries, （三）人群分布(population distribution) 年龄、性别分布(sex and age) 人群脑卒中的发病率和死亡率均为男性高于女性，男女发病率和死亡率均随年龄增加而上升，在50岁后呈大幅上升趋势 Population morbidity and mortality rates of stroke were higher in male than female, morbidity and mortality rates were increased with age in both male and female, showing a substantial upward trend after age 50 . （三）人群分布(population distribution) 年龄、性别分布(sex and age) 世界各国的发病率男女之比多数为1.3-2.0：1 我国脑卒中发病率男女之比为1.3-1.5：1 The ratio of male to female for incidence of the most countries in the world is 1.3-2.0:1 The ratio of male to female for incidence of stroke in China is 1.3-1.5:1 种族分布(race) 美国同一地区的黑人脑卒中患病率高于白人 我国汉族脑卒中患病率高于少数民族 The prevalence rate of stroke is higher in black persons than whites in the same area of United States The prevalence rate of stroke is higher in Han ethnic than the minorities of China 职 业(occupation) 重体力劳动者脑卒中发病率较高 经常上夜班者发病率明显高于上白班者 Heavy manual workers have a higher prevalence of stroke ??The incidence rate is significantly higher among the persons with regular night shift work than t