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胸部外伤ppt课件_9
胸外伤进展; Incidence and mortality:
Chest trauma accounts for 8% occurrences of total traumatic cases, more than 25% of death caused by trauma.; 胸外伤病因;Results from kinetic energy forces
Blast(爆破伤)
Pressure wave causes tissue disruption
Tear blood vessels & disrupt alveolar tissue
Disruption of tracheobronchial tree
Traumatic diaphragm rupture
Crush (Compression)(挤压伤)
Body is compressed between an object and a hard surface
Direct injury of chest wall and internal structures
Deceleration(减速伤)
Body in motion strikes a fixed object
Blunt trauma to chest wall
Internal structures continue in motion
Ligamentum Arteriosum shears aorta
;
Low Energy
Arrows, knives, handguns
Injury caused by direct contact and cavitation
High Energy
Military, hunting rifles & high powered hand guns
Extensive injury due to high pressure cavitation
;穿透伤合并损伤;Tracheobronchial tree lacerations
Esophageal lacerations
Penetrating cardiac injuries
Pericardial tamponade
Spinal cord injuries
Diaphragm trauma
Intra-abdominal penetration with associated organ injury;;
; ;Rib Fractures
>50% of significant chest trauma cases due to blunt trauma
Compressional forces flex and fracture ribs at weakest points
Ribs 1-3 requires great force to fracture
Possible underlying lung injury
Ribs 4-9 are most commonly fractured
Ribs 9-12 less likely to be fractured
Transmit energy of trauma to internal organs
If fractured, suspect liver and spleen injury
Hypoventilation is COMMON due to PAIN;Sternal Fracture & Dislocation
(胸骨骨折和错位)
Associated with severe blunt anterior trauma
Direct Blow (比如:方向盘)
Incidence: 5-8%
Mortality: 25-45%
Myocardial contusion
Pericardial tamponade
Cardiac rupture
Pulmonary contusion
Dislocation uncommon but same MOI as fracture
Tracheal depression if posterior
;Flail Chest(连枷胸)
Segment of the chest that becomes free to move with the pressure changes of respiration
Three or more adjacent rib fracture in two or more places
Serious chest wall injury with underlying pulmonary in
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