生态修复理论在河流整治中的应用与分析-application and analysis of ecological restoration theory in river regulation.docxVIP

摘要早在十九世纪四、五十年代，河流生态环境问题在欧美国家就日益突出，到七、八十年代，我国的河流生态问题日益浮现。河流生态治理本成为国际水利工程界愈来愈重要的话题。本文从不同角度介绍了传统水利工程建设对河流生态造成破坏的原因，以及河流生态修复原则、目标、措施等。本文的主要内容如下：论文主要介绍了国内、外生态修复研究与应用的现状，河流的主要功能以及进行河流生态修复的紧迫性、必要性；通过阐述自然河流的一般特性、河流生态系统的结构、功能以及生态遭到破坏的原因，进而引出生态水工学的概念，提出河流治理要以生态水工学的理念进行生态整治；通过表述了遭到破坏的河流生态系统进行修复的目标、原则、措施，即进行生态修复首先要治污、要满足河流的最低生态需水量、尽量恢复河流的自然状态，进一步从不同角度介绍生态修复的各种措施即从点、线、面、体各方位考虑生态修复；在总结生态修复理论介绍的基础上，介绍河流生态修复的稳定计算即侵蚀稳定和抗滑稳定，及其在工程中的应用。最后，归纳总结以上修复经验之后，结合具体的实例——广州番禺河涌整治工程阐述了番禺河涌整治的一些思路、方法，为河流的生态修复提供了一定的实践经验。关键词：生态修复；生态水工学；河流整治；自然；和谐ABSTRACTIntheearly19thcentury40-50age,riverecoenvironmentproblemshavebecomeincreasinglyprominentinEuropeanandAmericancountries.Until1970sand1980s,theriverecoenvironmentproblemsofourcountryhadincreasinglyemerged.BringingtheRiverecosystemundercontrolreceivedmoreandmoreattentionofinternationalhydraulicengineering.Inthispaper,wewillintroducethereasonwhytraditionalwaterprojectsdamagetheriverecosystemfromdifferentaspects,andriverrestorationprinciples,objectives,measuresandsoon.Themaincontentsareasfollows:Paperintroducethedomesticandforeignresearchandapplicationofecologicalrestoration,themainfunctionoftheriverandtheurgencyofriverecologicalrestoration;Throughthegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalrivers,riverecosystemstructureandfunction,andthereasonshydraulicprojectdamagetoecosystem;thenitleadstotheconceptofeco-hydraulics,andemphasizesthatriverregulationshouldbemadeastheconceptofeco-hydraulicsforecologicalrehabilitation;Throughthedestroiedrivers’ecosystemrestorationobjectives,principles,andmeasures,thatisecologicalrestorationfirstneedspollutioncontrol,meettheminimumecologicalwaterdemandoftheriver,andtrytorestoretheriversnaturalstates;Basedontheearlytheoreticalintroduction,thiscapterfurtherintroducedvariousecologicalrestorationmeasuresatdifferentscales.Fromtheentirebasin,takefocusonensuringtheminimumecologicalwaterdemandandrivernaturalrestoration.Fromtheperspectiveofariver,payattentiontoensuringthattheriverhasdeeppoolsandshallow,thebanklineisnaturalbent,andthewetlandsare