夏季北极浮冰理化及其生物学特性的分析-analysis of physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of arctic ice floes in summer.docxVIP

上海海 上海海洋大学硕士学位论文 PAGE PAGE III Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of pack ice in the Arctic Ocean during summer seasons ABSTRACT A drastic ice decline in the Arctic Ocean, triggered by global warming, could generate rapid changes in ice itself and upper ocean layers. The ice retreat is particularly intense over the Canadian Basin where large ice free areas were observed since 2007. Summer pack ice biotic community of the Canada basin, Western Arctic (WA) and Central Arctic Ocean was characterized during The CHINARE 2008 and 2010 Expedition (August–September 2008, 2010). Bacteria, ice algae (diatoms and autotrophic flagellates) and protozoa (mainly heterotrophic flagellates) were observed throughout the whole ice column and underlying waters. The vertical distribution of biotic taxa varied among sites. The integrated biomass ranged from 12.3 and 56.7 mg m-2, with an average of 34.5 mg m-2. Heterotrophic flagellates and bacteria were the dominant of the assemblages in pack ice, accounted for 89％of the integrated, and ice algae, which usually dominate the ice biotic community in the bottom ice layer, constituted only 11％of the total. Although diatoms dominated the ice-associated algal biomass, flagellates at times revealed similarly high biomass and typically dominated in the surface layer. The low integrated biomass in the Canadian Basin, during the summer of exceptional ice retreat (2008), suggested that quick ice melting may be the key factor compared to in-situ data in more ice covered year (1994). The low salinity and nutrients throughout the whole ice column and underlying water cumbered the formation of ice algae bloom in summer, finally resulting in the dominance of microbial food web with bacteria and heterotrophic flagellates as the most obvious characteristics. Considering the high ratio of pack ice primary production to the total found in previous studies, the quick change of pack ice community structure in summer would influence the marin