配电网压变熔丝熔断的分析-analysis of fuse blowing in distribution network.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 I I 摘 要 配电系统直接关系着电力用户的切身利益，其安全性、稳定性和可靠性至关重 要。现场运行经验反映，配电网电压互感器(简称压变或 TV)高压侧熔丝熔断及 TV 本身爆裂、烧毁等故障的现象时常发生，且该问题具有一定的普遍性。针对这一问 题，研究其故障原因，并提出相应改进措施，对我国配电系统的安全可靠运行，具 有重大的现实意义。 经调研发现，发生故障的 TV 主要是母线 TV，且故障常发生在单相接地消除 后或者弧光接地期间，配电网总出线长度越长，故障频率越高。本文对单相接地消 除后的暂态过程进行了详细分析，认为铁磁谐振与低频非线性振荡具有一定的一致 性，是暂态过程在配电网不同系统参数下的两种表现形式。而二者都会引发 TV 高 压绕组过电流。 利用电磁暂态分析软件 ATP-EMTP 建立 10kV 配电系统的数学模型，以此为平 台研究了影响 TV 高压绕组电流的四方面因素：TV 励磁特性，出线总长度，零序 回路的阻尼电阻，单相接地发生和消除时刻的电压相位角度。 针对现有防止 TV 高压侧熔丝熔断的措施，建立数学仿真模型，从其应用背景、 原理、优缺点和抑制效果等方面进行详尽分析和对比，主要措施有：系统中性点经 消弧线圈或小电阻接地，TV 高压侧中性点经单相 TV 或消谐器接地。 针对现有防治措施存在缺陷，不能较好抑制 TV 高压侧熔丝熔断或者应用场合 受限的现状，本文提出一种新的防治措施——基于同步控制技术的消谐开关方案。 该方案不仅可以有效消除间歇性弧光接地，还可以较好防止 TV 高压侧熔丝熔断。 另外，当采用配永磁机构的真空断路器作为实施方案时，其分合闸时间的分散性可 基本满足要求。该方案具有较好的实用价值。 关键词：压变熔丝熔断；铁磁谐振；低频非线性振荡；基于同步控制技术的消谐开 关；ATP-EMTP AB ABSTRACT II II ABSTRACT The operation of a distribution power network is directly related to the vital interests of users, so its safety, stability and reliability is essential. It is known, that fuse used to protect voltage transformers (TV) blows and TV itself failures occur frequently, and the problems is universal in distribution network. To solve this problem , study the cause of the fault and propose appropriate measures, is of great practical significance for improvement of the distribution system for the safe and reliable operation. Results reflect, that most of fault TV are bus bar TV, and the failure often happens when the single-phase earth fault disappears, or during arc grounding period. The total length of distribution network outlets is longer, the frequency of fault is higher. The transient process followed by single-phase grounding fault disappearance is detailed analyzed, and come to a conclusion that the ferromagnetic resonance and low-frequency nonlinear oscillations have a certain consistency that they are two forms of the same kind distribution network transient process with different parameters. And the over-currents in TV primary windings caused by them is the direct cause of the