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Understanding Psychology 9th Edition Charles G Morris and Albert文档
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES Compare and contrast direct observation, structured and unstructured interviews, and objective and projective tests of personality. Indicate which approaches to personality assessment are preferred by psychodynamic, humanistic, trait, and cognitive-social learning theorists. Describe the three major objective tests of personality and the two major projective tests. Include a summary of their reliability and validity. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT Testing personality is much like testing intelligence. In both cases, trying to measure something intangible and invisible. Also in both cases, a “good test” is one that is both reliable and valid: It gives dependable and consistent results, and it measures what it claims to measure. There are special difficulties in measuring personality. Because personality reflects characteristic behavior, we are not interested in someone’s best behavior. We are interested in typical behavior. Further complicating the measurement process, such factors as fatigue, a desire to impress the examiner, and fear of being tested can profoundly affect a person’s behavior in a personality-assessment situation. For the intricate task of measuring personality, psychologists use four basic tools: the personal interview direct observation of behavior objective tests projective tests The Personal Interview Interviews are often used in clinical settings to learn, for example, why someone is seeking treatment and to help diagnose the person’s problem. Such interviews are generally unstructured -- that is, the interviewer asks the client questions about any issues that arise and asks follow-up questions whenever appropriate. The interviewer may also pay attention to the person’s manner of speaking, poise, or tenseness when certain topics are raised. When conducting systematic research on personality, investigators more often rely on str
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