人力资源管理课件(英文版).docVIP

人力资源管理课件（英文版） FLAT ORGANIZATIONS Instead of pyramid-shaped organizations with seven or more management layers flat organizations with just three or four levels are becoming more prevalent Many firms have already cut their management layers from a dozen to six or fewer As the remaining managers are left with more people reporting to them they can supervise them less so every employees job ends up involving greater breadth and depth of responsibilities For example the federal public service is undergoing a major initiative to design flatter organizational structures so that it can become more efficient and more responsive to public needs2 BOUNDARYLESS ORGANIZATIONS The phrase boundaryless organization was coined by Jack Welch CEO of General Electric in the late 1980s The term is reserved for organizations that remove obstacles that stifle productivity efficiency and communication and dismantle labels such as management salaried and hourly which often hinder collaboration3 Boundaryless organization structures emerge when relationships typically joint ventures are formed with customers suppliers andor competitors to pool resources for mutual benefit or encourage cooperation in an uncertain environment As in team-based organizations barriers are broken downin this case between the organization and its suppliers customers or competitorsand teams are emphasized In such structures jobs are defined in very general terms since the emphasis is on the overall best interests of the organization Companies are likely to design boundaryless organization structures when they are breaking into foreign markets or implementing total quality management initiatives The boundaryless approach is best suited in these cases because it enables companies to quickly make changes as needed Examples of boundaryless organizations include Allied Signal PPG and Unilever Work Teams Over the past decade work has become increasingly organized around teams and processes r