合成氨厂CO变换工艺设计说明书论文.doc

毕业设计说明书 PAGE PAGE 61 68t氨/d 合成氨厂CO变换工艺设计 摘 要 氨是一种重要的化工产品，主要用于化学肥料的生产。合成氨生产经过多年的发展，现已发展成为一种成熟的化工生产工艺。合成氨的生产主要分为：原料气的制取；原料气的净化与氨合成。 一氧化碳变换是指一氧化碳与水蒸气反应生产二氧化碳和氢气的过程。在合成氨工艺流程中起着非常重要的作用。在合成氨生产中，原料气中的一氧化碳都来源于含碳氢物质，如煤、天然气、油等。半水煤气则是以煤为原料制得的含有氢气和一氧化碳等多种气体的混合物。一氧化碳会使催化剂中毒，而合成氨工艺中所需的氢气则是一氧化碳和水反应制得。因此在氨合成过程中必须进行一氧化碳变换。这样不但去除了一氧化碳同时产生了合成氨的原料气氢气。 本次设计的主要任务是设计完成合成氨过程中净化车间一氧化碳多段变换的工艺流程。本次设计采用中变串低变的工艺流程，在本流程中使用宽变催化剂可使操作条件有较大变化。它使入炉煤气的蒸汽比有较大幅度的降低，而且使一氧化碳含量降低。正是由于选用宽温催化剂，使得反应条件得以大大改进。选用该流程的目的是为了让原料气净化程度高，流程简单，操作方便，稳定性好，催化剂使用时间长。 设计说明书包括三部分：工艺设计说明、变换工段的工艺计算及主要设备的工艺计算。另外，附有四张设计图纸：一张管道及仪表流程图，一张平面布置图，一张物料流程图及一张设备一览表。 关键词：半水煤气、CO变换、催化剂 The CO Transform Process Design Of 68t ammonia/d Synthetic Ammonia plant Abstract Ammonia is an important chemical product, mainly for the production of chemical fertilizers. The production of synthetic ammonia has developed into a mature chemical production process through years of development. It is mainly divided into: the preparation of the raw gas; the purification of the raw gas and a the synthesis of mmonia. The transformation of carbon monoxide refers to the production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen response with carbon dioxide and water. It plays a very important role in the synthetic ammonia process. In the production of synthetic ammonia the carbon monoxide is containing comes from hydrocarbon, such as coal, oil and gas, etc. Semi-water gas is made for the raw coal and a mixture of gases including hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide will make catalyst poisoned in the process , but hydrogen is made for the reaction of water and carbon monoxide. Therefore in the ammonia synthetic process must have the transformation of carbon monoxide. In addition to this , it also products the hydrogen gas which is the materal gas of HYPERLINK app:ds:synthetic \t _self synthetic ammonia. The main task of the design is to complete the transformation of carbon monoxide which is a part of the purification workshop of ammonia synthetic process . This