不同施肥灌溉方式对小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性及产量影响.docVIP

不同施肥灌溉方式对小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性及产量的影响 　　摘要：为明确不同施肥灌溉方式对小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性和籽粒产量的影响，在大田条件下，设置施氮、灌溉两个因素、3个施氮量，共6个处理，分别为畦灌施氮0（W1）、180（W2）、210 kg?hm-2（W3），微喷带水肥一体化施氮0（W4）、180（W5）、210 kg?hm-2（W6）。灌水量为拔节期和开花期0～40 cm土层土壤相对含水量分别补灌至70%和65%。结果表明：（1）籽粒灌浆中后期旗叶叶绿素相对含量、旗叶最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和旗叶实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）均为W6最高，W5次之，W1最低。（2）W6处理籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮肥农学效率分别为9 300.66 kg?hm-2、19.80 kg?hm-2?mm-1和8.86 kg?kg-1，均显著高于其它处理。因此，W6处理是本试验条件下高产高效的最优处理。 　　关键词：小麦；水肥一?w化；叶绿素荧光；籽粒产量；水氮利用效率 　　中图分类号：S512.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）01-0071-05 　　Abstract To reveal the effects of different fertilization and irrigation methods on flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield of wheat， a field experiment was conducted with 6 treatments as border irrigation with 0 kg?hm-2 nitrogen （W1）， border irrigation with 180 kg?hm-2 nitrogen（W2）， border irrigation with 210 kg?hm-2 nitrogen （W3）， integration of water and fertilizer with 0 kg?hm-2 nitrogen （W4），integration of water and fertilizer with 180 kg?hm-2 nitrogen （W5） and integration of water and fertilizer with 210 kg?hm-2 nitrogen （W6）. The amounts of supplemental irrigation should ensure the soil relative water content of 0～40 cm soil layer reaching 70% at jointing stage and 65% at flowering stage respectively. The results were as follows. （1）The chlorophyll relative content， maximal photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm） and actual photochemical efficiency（ΦPSⅡ） of flag leaves in W6 were the highest in the middle and late periods of grain filling， followed by W5， and those in W1 were the lowest. （2） The grain yield， water use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of W6 were 9 300.66 kg?hm-2， 19.80 kg?hm-2?mm-1 and 8.86 kg?kg-1 respectively， and were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. Therefore， W6 was the best treatment for high production and high efficiency in this experiment. 　　Keywords Wheat； Integration of water and fertilizer； Chlorophyll fluorescence；Grain yield； Water and nitrogen use efficiency 　　黄淮海地区耕地占全国的16.6%，水资源总量仅占全国的7.7%[1]。该地