关于滑坡的一些专术语概念(英文).docxVIP

Landslide Slope Instability Geohazards HYPERLINK /pages/eng_geol/landslide_geohazard/eng_geol_landslides_classification.htm /pages/eng_geol/landslide_geohazard/eng_geol_landslides_classification.htm Landslide classification Many systems have been proposed for the classification of landslides, however, the most commonly adopted systems are those of Varnes (1978) and Hutchinson (1988). In 1991 a European classification was developed from the EPOCH (1991-1993) project (The Temporal Occurrence and Forecasting of Landslides in the European Community, Contract no. 90 0025). The EPOCH classification was simple and suitable for European conditions. Dikau et al (1996) produced a classification of landslide mechanisms, compatible with Hutchinson (1988) and EPOCH (1993). The International Geotechnical Societies UNESCO Working Party on World Landslide Inventory (WP/ WLI) was formed for the International decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (1990 to 2000). The WP/ WLI (1990) report A Suggested Method for Reporting a Landslide uses Varnes (1978) classification and reports that it is the most widely used. The World Road Association ( PIARC) report Landslides: Techniques for Evaluating Hazard (Escario et al., 1997) also presents a classification based on Varnes. The landslide classification based on Varnes (1978) system has two terms: the first term describes the material type and the second term describes the type of movement. The material types used? by the various schemes are Rock, Earth, Soil, Mud and Debris, being classified as follows: Rock: is “a hard or firm mass that was intact and in its natural place before the initiation of movement”. Soil: is “an aggregate of solid particles, generally of minerals and rocks, that either was transported or was formed by the weathering of rock in place. Gases or liquids filling the pores of the soil form part of the soil”. Earth: “describes material in which 80% or more of the particles are smaller than 2mm, the upper limit of sand si