不定式的形式表示被动语态.PPT

二、动词的语态 As has been pointed out, a sentence/ clause whose predicator(predicate verb) is active is called an “active sentence”, and a sentence/ clause whose predicator (predicate verb) is passive is called a “passive sentence”. The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and in the passive the recipient of the action. 各个时态的被动形式大致可归纳如下： 1) 被动语态主要在下面几种情况下用： a 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)： Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。 When will the road be opened to traffic? 这条路什么时候通车？ We haven’t been told about it. 没有人通知我们这件事。 b 动作承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带有by引起的短语)： The store is run by the trade union. 这家店是工会办的。 The song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。 The lathe was designed by ourselves. 这个车床是我们自己设计的。 c出于礼貌措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁： You are requested to give a performance. 请你给我们表演一个节目。 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 这样做一般认为是不妥当的。 You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teachers’s Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 谨定于11月23日下午3时在教师俱乐部举行晚会，敬请光临。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（ｅｎｄ） 2)passive voice of phrasal verbs:when used transitively, phrasal verbs can be made passive. A) passive voice of basic phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs have three basic forms: “verb + preposition”, “verb + adverb ” and “verb + adverb + preposition”. In the transformation from the active into the passive, these forms are mostly treated as single word verbs, and both the adverb and the preposition should remain immediately after the verb. a) verb + preposition, eg: look after, look into, talk about: The children are well looked after. This matter is being looked into. Other possibilities were talked about at the meeting. b) verb + adverb , eg: set up, put off, bring about: When was the hospital set up? The sport meet is to be put off. A new outburst of revolutionary enthusiasm will soon be brought about. c) verb + adverb + preposition, eg: do away with, face up to, put up with: That sort of thing should be done away with. There’s n