虚拟语气和情态动词教学教材.ppt

英语语法;助动词;基本助动词;半助动词;情态助动词;情态助动词;表示“义务，和必然”。 A）所谓表示“义务”，即表示必须做某事。可用should, ought to, must。这三个情态动词表示“义务”，其口气略有区别。 must （必须），表“敦促”或“命令”，说话人是权威的一方，对人对己都适用。 You must follow the school rules. We must be faithful to our friends. I really must stop smoking. ;表示将来的“必须”，常用have to （必须， 不得不）的一定形式——will/shall have to. We must do it again. （现在） We will have to do it again. （将来） 表示过去的“必须”，常用have to 的过去时形式—had to. I must leave at six. I had to leave at six yesterday. Must 有两个否定形式： 1. mustn’t 表示”不许，禁止” You mustn’t talk like that. 2. needn’t 表示“不必” -Must you leave so soon? -No, you needn’t. needn’t=don’t have to 不必，??需要 You don’t have to stay at home . You don’t have to keep the window closed, we are not cold. ;need 做情态动词表“需要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。 He need not go at once. He needn‘t worry about it． Need I collect the parcel myself? 用need提问，肯定回答为must，否定为needn’t。 -Need we work very late? -Yes, we must. 或-No, we needn’t. -Must I see a doctor? -Yes, you must. -No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to. ;can 能够（现在或将来的能力），许可 He can swim across the river. （能够） He can speak five languages. （能够） -Can I use your pen, please ? （请求许可） -Yes, you can. (给予许可) -No, you can’t. （不许） You can play around here, if you like.（给予许可） 如果你喜欢的话，你可以在附近玩。;could （过去的能力）能够,（有礼貌的）请求许可 I could swim across the river at the age of ten.（过去能够） He said that he could do his work well. （过去能够） Could I use your pen, please ? (有礼貌的)请求许可 Could you do me a favor ? (有礼貌的)请求许可 Could you come and see me tomorrow? (有礼貌的)请求许可 ;may 许可（同can一样） -May I have a look at your photo, please ? -Yes, please. / No, you may not. -May I ask you a question ? -Yes, you can/may. You may go whichever way you like.;should 应该 You should finish your work on time. You shouldn’t be late for class. ought to 应该 You ought to finish your work on time. You ought to obey regulations. He ought to do h