英语语法(05动词B)教学教材.ppt

Unit Five: Auxiliary, Infinitive, Participle（II） Issues of this unit: 1) Auxiliary verbs 助动词 2) Verb infinitives 动词不定式 3) Participles of -ed and -ing 分词 ; 所以，接下来我们看看一些需要注意的问题。 1. can and be able to: 由于can没有多少形态变化，所以表示能力时一般表示现在的能力，而过去和将来的能力一般用be able to(时态的区别)。could虽然也可指过去的能力，但一般不指具体能力。 I can speak English = I’m able to speak English. CAFUC students will be able to win the CCTV CUP. The genius could (was able to) write at age 4. But: Schumacher was able to drive the racing car when he was a child.; 还有：can可以表示机会、条件等，able to则不能。 Every child can dream of becoming the president. She can go to university not because she studies well, but because she dances well. 注1：在否定句中，cannot = not be able to; couldn’t = was (were) not able to; could即可指一般能力，也可表示具体能力. We couldn’t (weren’t able to) reach the summit of the mountain because of the storm.? 注2：can表示“许可”时不能用be able to替换；如： You can always use my typewriter. You are always able to use my typewriter. × ; 2. must and have to must：说话人的想法；have to：客观要求 例如： I must be there on time, as I hate to be late. I have to be there on time, or I’ll miss the bus. 注：must (必须)的否定不是mustn’t，而是do not have to或者needn’t。比较： Must I do it? No, you needn’t / don’t need to. No, you don’t have to. May I use “Chinaman” to say of a Chinese? No, you mustn’t say it like that. （mustn’t是may的否定，意为“不准、禁止”）; 3. 那么need的否定是什么？ 作动词：--Do the students need to submit their term paper before Friday? --Not necessarily/No, they don’t need to. 作助动词：You needn’t make two copies. One will do. Need we come tomorrow? 而may not的含义为“也许不”，例如： Is he really right? He may not be right. ;4. Dare 的用法： 1） dare用作实义动词，此时其后的动词不定式可带to也可不带to。 I dare to jump down from the top of the wall. She doesnt dare (to) meet her teacher\s eyes. 2） dare用作情态动词，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 How dare she do things like that to me? Dare you catch the mouse? ---I darent do that.; 5. 情态动词＋不定式