英国国家概况总结.docxVIP

人物 1 King Alfred the Great, 849-899 King Alfred built the first English navy Alfred was a devout Christian He defeated the Danes in 886, forced them to withdraw to NE third of England, and converted many to Christianity Established schools repaired monasteries Invited scholars to come to England Learned to read and write Latin English Translated Scriptures into language of his people 2 William the Conqueror First Norman king of England, 1066-1087 Ended Anglo-Saxon rule by defeating King Harold Godwinson at Battle of Hastings, 1066 William ruled autocratically – brought church barons under his personal control Replaced English bishops with Normans Distributed land to reward his followers Built castles throughout England to control hostile population Beginnings of English Feudalism William had no permanent residence He travelled around England to survey his domain and demonstrate his power He held court a major festival 3 times a year in 3 different towns Normans were a foreign army of occupation They built many castles to protect themselves and control the population King William ordered a survey of land property in England in 1085 He used it to set taxes divide large estates among his followers Anglo-Saxon nobility mostly killed or fled Anglo-Saxon commoners mostly became serfs Kept their own language many of their customs 3 languages in England: French (spoken by nobility), Old English/Anglo-Saxon (commoners), Latin (scholars church) Some oppression, then intermingling Normans Anglo-Saxons gradually became united people 3 Thomas Becket 此人开始和国王一起，吃喝嫖赌。最后为了巩固国王在教会的地位被任命为主教。然后受到了上帝的感化，改邪归正。为上帝而战而非王权。和国王翻脸。在祷告是被几个贵族刺死。人们追他为圣人。对国王的行为很不满。最后国王认错。表示自己酒后之言并非真心。他的事迹被收到一本书中。Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, 1400 4 King Edward I, 1272-1307 Great imperialist Son successor of Henry III Conquered Wales, 1277-1283 Eldest son heir given title Prince of Wales Built many castles along Welsh border Devoted most of his reign to conquering Scotland Edward I invaded