高压输电线路故障定位的探究.docVIP

摘要 PAGE I 摘要 如何快速、精确地实现线路故障点的确定是故障测距的基本任务，是电力系统继电保护领域的一个重要研究课题。输电线路担负着传送电能的重要任务，是电力系统的经济命脉，其故障直接威胁到电力系统的安全运行。故障测距根据不同的故障特征迅速准确地测定故障点的位置，从而减轻工人巡线负担，有利于及时排除故障，使线路快速恢复供电，减少因停电而造成的综合经济损失，同时还能帮助发现绝缘隐患，保证电网的安全稳定运行。 高压输电线路故障定位分为单端电气量测距和双端电气量测距。单端电气量测距只利用线路一侧的电压和电流，原理上无法避免过渡电阻、两侧系统的影响，同时受线路实际参数不平衡、频变等的影响，因此其测距精度在实用中不高，难以满足工程实际的要求。双端电气量测距原理上能够克服过渡电阻、两侧系统等的影响，相比之下，精度大大提高，但是双端电气量测距受不同步采样、线路实际参数不平衡等的影响，因此在实际应用中的相对误差却比较大。 本文简要介绍了MATLAB的特点，建立了基于MATLAB仿真技术的高压输电线路模型，根据该模型，利用SIMULINK数学模块实现了对双端电气量输电线路准确故障定位的数字仿真。结果表明，所建立模型简单、方便，利用MATLAB进行仿真同样具有较高精度，满足工程实际要求。 关键词 MATLAB/SIMULINK；高压输电线路；故障定位；双端测距 燕山大学本科生毕业设计（论文） 燕山大学本科生毕业设计（论文） PAGE II PAGE III Abstract Quick and accurate localization of faults is the basic task of fault location as well as an important research subject in power system relay protection．Transmission lines are responsible for the delivery of electric energy and their faults influence the safe operation of power system directly．Fault points must be found out soon according to various fault features through fault location ,and then burden of linesman is lightened；faults can be cleared in time to recover power supply of transmission lines quickly，so that the economic losses resulted from power failure is reduced ,which can also help to find out incipient fault of insulation to ensure the safe and stable operation of electric net work． The algorithtms of fault location can be divided into single-terminal location and two-terminal location according to measurement information .When the single-terminal location algorithm based on the fundamental frequency component is used to locate the fault position ,it is impossible to eliminate the influence of transition resistance and equivalent impedance variation of remote source．With the development of communication and computer network techniques ,two-terminal location has become more attractive which can eliminate the influence of transition resistance and equivalent impe