病毒学双语版课件7-1.ppt

Pathogenesis Learning Objectives: On completing this session, you should be able to: Explain the concept of pathogenesis in the context of virus infections. Discuss the molecular basis for virus-induced immunodeficiency (including AIDS) cell transformation by viruses. Understand the ways in which virus infection may result in cellular injury. Pathogenicity Pathogenicity, the capacity of one organism to cause disease in another, is a complex variable phenomenon. At the simplest level there is the question, what is disease? An all-embracing definition would be that it is a departure from the normal physiological parameters of an organism. This could range from a transient very minor condition such as a slightly elevated temperature or rather subjective feelings of lethargy to chronic pathologic conditions which eventually result in death. Any of these conditions may result from a large number of internal or external sources. However, there is rarely one single factor which causes a disease. Most disease states are multi-factorial at one level or another. Virus Diseases Two components are involved: the direct effects of virus replication the effects of bodily responses to the infection The course of any virus infection is determined by a delicate dynamic balance between the host the virus, as is the extent severity of virus pathogenesis. In some virus infections, most of the pathologic symptoms observed are attributable not to virus replication, but to the side-effects of the immune response. Inflammation, fever, headaches skin rashes are not usually caused by viruses themselves, but by the cells of the immune system due to the release of potent chemicals such as interferons interleukins. In the most extreme cases, none of the pathologic effects of certain diseases are caused directly by the virus, except that its presence stimulates the activation of the immune system. Virus Pathogenesis Virus pathogenesis is an abnormal fairly rare situation - the majo