IEEE8021天津大学计算机科学与技术学院.PPT

第2章IEEE 802.11网络 石高涛 shgt@tju.edu.cn 天津大学计算机科学与技术学院 提纲 网络结构与协议家族 WiFi网络移动性支持 无线网络MAC协议 IEEE 802.11与帧格式 WiFi能量管理与拥塞避免 网络结构与协议家族 基于无线路由器的WiFi网络 WiFi Direct 2010年10月，Wi-Fi?Alliance（Wi-Fi联盟）发布Wi-Fi?Direct白皮书， Wi-Fi?Direct标准是指允许无线网络中的设备无需通过无线路由器即可相互连接。 与蓝牙技术类似，这种标准允许无线设备以点对点形式互连，而且在传输速度与传输距离方面则比蓝牙有大幅提升。 IEEE 802.11协议栈 PHY spec Infrared PHY (No products !) diffuse infrared 1 and 2Mbps Radio PHY Frequency hopping PHY Direct Sequence PHY CCA (clear channel assessment) - how to sense a channel is clear: energy level is above a threshold can detect a signal use both Frequency Bands- ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands Unlicensed, 22 MHz channel bandwidth Frequency and rate in the standard 802.11 specifies 1 2 Mbps 802.11b specifies additional 5.5 11 Mbps rates Data Rates The data rates supported by 802.11b standard 1, 2, 5.5 and 11Mbps The data rates supported by 802.11g standard 1, 2 ,5.5, 11, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 The data rates supported by 802.11a standard 6, 12 and 24Mbps are mandatory and 9, 18, 36, 48 and 54Mbps are optional AP and IBSS creators announce set of Basic rates and supported rates in the Beacons and Probe Response packets. Station announces supported rate information in Probe Request and (Re) Association packets Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Each bit represented by multiple bits using spreading code Spreading code spreads signal across wider frequency band In proportion to number of bits used 10 bit spreading code spreads signal across 10 times bandwidth of 1 bit code One method: Combine input with spreading code using XOR Input bit 1 inverts spreading code bit Input zero bit doesn’t alter spreading code bit Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum In a nutshell, the data stream is combined is via an XOR function with a high-speed pseudo-random numerical sequence (PN) The PRN speci?ed by 802.11 is an 11 chip Barker Code Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Example C