高等工程热力学_2_热力学第一定律.pptVIP

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高等工程热力学_2_热力学第一定律.ppt

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高等工程热力学_2_热力学第一定律

Advanced Thermodynamics（高等热力学） Lecturer: Dr. Hao-Chun Zhang（张昊春） Phone:Email: zhc5@ S0400001Q 1 2 Chapter 2 热力学第一定律 The First Law of Thermodynamics 3 Summary about Historical Development of the 1st LawThe Work Line —— (Machines) The 12thcentury, China → Manchester The 13th,14th,15thcenturies: the proliferation of water-driven machines, air bellows, water pumps, irrigation, and so on 15th,16th,17th. The technology and study of pumps The use of mathematical analysis was introduced The barometer was invented by Torricelli, 1644 A basic understanding of the origins of atmospheric pressure (Pascal,1648) The invention of air (vacuum ) pump (Otto, 1654) The first atmospheric engine (Thomas, 1698) 4 The Conservation of Force and Method of infinitesimal Calculus (Leibnitz, 1684, Newton, 1687) The Law of Universal Gravitation, The Newton Three Laws of Motion, and Geometric Calculus (Newton, 1687) The Conservation of Live Force in Hydraulics, the Kinetic-molecular Theory of Gases (Bernoilli, 1738) The Mathematical Foundations of Inviscid Flow Flow (Euler, 1755) The Gravitational Field Theory and Mathematics of Thermal Diffusion (Laplace, 1785) Summary about Historical Development of the 1st LawThe Work LineFrom Mechanics to Machine Science 5 The Law Governing Friction (Coulomb, 1781) The foundations of descriptive geometry [Monge, 1795] The beginnings of a science of machines “Carnot Principle”, Maximum Efficiency, continuity of power [1783] The “dynamic Unit”, W=mgh=1(kg)×9.8(m/s2)×1(m), (Hachette, 1811) The “Calorie” as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 10C[Clement, 1826] Summary about Historical Development of the 1st LawThe Work LineFrom Mechanics to Machine Science 6 Galilei’sBarothermoscope[1592] Sealed-stem thermometers filled with alcohol[1654] The air thermometer: a volume of air confined by a column of mercury as indicator (1600s) The mercury-in-glass thermometer [ Fahrenheit, 1714] Summary about Hist