欧洲适应体育专业人才培养标准及其启示.docVIP

欧洲适应体育专业人才培养标准及其启示 　　摘 要：对欧洲适应体育专业人才培养标准建立的推动力、内容、作用进行了分析。结果表明欧洲适应体育专业人才培养标准是在欧洲适应体育联盟的推动下，以国际功能、残疾与健康分类为理论依据，在满足欧洲适应体育快速发展的需要下制定而成。其包含了适应体育教育、适应体育康复和适应体育运动与休闲3个方向的内容；对欧洲适应体育的发展起着广泛的指导、长远的规划和实践的引领作用。建议我国应尽快成立全国性的适应体育协会、制定全国性的适应体育专业人才培养标准，并加快适应体育专业人才的综合培养，以满足我国适应体育的发展需求。 　　关 键 词：体育社会学；适应体育专业人才培养标准；残疾人体育；欧洲 　　中图分类号：G80-05；C913.69 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）06-0037-06 　　Abstract： Based on literature data and logic analysis， the authors analyzed the establishment impetus， contents and functions of European standards for adapted physical activity professional cultivation， and revealed the following findings： European standards for adapted physical activity professional cultivation were established to meet the need of rapid development of adapted physical activities in Europe by basing their theoretical criteria on internal function， disability and health classification， as driven by European Federation of Adapted Physical Activity （EFAPA）. Their contents include such three dimensions as adapted physical education， adapted physical rehabilitation as well as adapted sports and recreation； they play an extensive guiding， long-term planning and practice guiding role in adapted physical activity development in Europe. The authors proposed that China establish a nationwide adapted physical activity association as soon as possible， establish standards for nationwide adapted physical activity professional cultivation， and speed up the comprehensive cultivation of adapted physical activity professionals， so as to meet the need of adapted physical activity development in China. 　　Key words： sports sociology；standard for adapted physical activity professional cultivation；sports for the disabled；Europe 　　残疾人体育发端于欧洲，始于1888年在德国柏林创立的聋人体育俱乐部[1]。第二次世界大战之后，残障人士的体育活动日益丰富，经历了矫正体育、运动康复、残疾人体育、特殊体育等概念的演化，“适应体育”（Adapted Physical Activity，APA）于1952年首次出现在美国，并迅速得到了国际上的广泛认可[2]。欧洲引入适应体育这一概念后，在其深厚的文化基础和残疾人体育根基上，欧洲适应体育发展迅猛，于20世纪70年代成立欧洲适应体育联盟，一系列相关的论坛、体育活动、人才培养等在欧洲各国开展。 　　适应体育的持续健康发展离不开为适应体育各