基于蝙蝠拟牛顿混合算法无线传感器网络节点定位.docVIP

基于蝙蝠拟牛顿混合算法无线传感器网络节点定位 　　摘要：针对距离矢量跳数（DVHop）算法第三阶段中最小二乘法定位精度低的问题，提出一种蝙蝠拟牛顿混合算法与DVHop算法融合的定位算法。首先对蝙蝠算法进行两点改进：1）根据蝙蝠个体的适应度值自适应调节随机向量β，使得脉冲频率具有自适应能力；2）利用当前迭代之前所有最优个体的平均位置来引导蝙蝠移动，使得速度具有变异性能；然后在DVHop算法第三阶段采用改进蝙蝠算法得出节点的估计位置，再利用拟牛顿算法以估计位置为初始点继续搜索节点位置。仿真结果表明：相比传统DVHop算法和基于蝙蝠算法的DVHop改进算法（BADVHop），该算法的定位精度大约提高了16.5%、5.18%，且稳定性更好，适用于定位精度和稳定性要求较高的场合。 　　关键词：无线传感器网络；DVHop算法；蝙蝠算法；拟牛顿算法 　　中图分类号：TP393 文献标志码：A 　　Abstract：Concerning the problem that the least square method in the third stage of DVHop algorithm has low positioning accuracy， a localization algorithm was proposed which is the fusion of hybrid batquasiNewton algorithm and DVHop algorithm. First of all， the Bat Algorithm （BA） was improved from two aspects： firstly， the random vector β was adjusted adaptively according to bats’ fitness so that the pulse frequency had the adaptive ability. Secondly， bats were guided to move by the average position of all the best individuals before the current iteration so that the speed had variable performance； Then in the third stage of DVHop algorithm the improved bat algorithm was used to estimate node location and then quasiNewton algorithm was used to continue searching for the node location from the estimated location as the initial searching point. The simulation results show that， compared with the traditional DVHop algorithm and the improved algorithm of DVHop based on bat algorithm（BADVHop）， positioning precision of the proposed algorithm increases about 16.5% and 5.18%， and the algorithm has better stability， it is suitable for high positioning precision and stability situation. 　　Key words： Wireless Sensor Networks （WSN）； DVHop algorithm； Bat Algorithm （BA）； quasiNewton algorithm 　　0 引言 　　无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Network， WSN）是一种特殊的自组织（Ad Hoc）网络[1]，广泛应用于军事、工业、交通、环保等领域[2]，而无线传感器网络中传感器节点的定位是研究无线传感器网络的基础，是必不可少的部分[3]。因此，节点定位技术是当前无线传感器网络的一个重要研究课题。 　　根据定位机制的不同，无线传感器网络定位算法可分为基于测距（rangebased）的定位算法和免测距（rangefree）定位算法。免测距定位算法主要包括质心算法[4]、DVHop算法[5]、近似三角形内点测试（Approximate PointInTtri