第十篇植物基因工程.pdf

第十章 植物基因工程 Plant Genetic Engineering Transgenic Plants Transgenic Plants Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Genetically Engineered Organism (GEO) Introduction The transgenic plant was first achieved in the early 1980s. Over 100 different plant species had been transformed The genetically engineered characteristics conclude insect resistance, herbicide tolerance and improved nutritional value Plant tissue shows a high degree of developmental plasticity. Genetically Transformed Plants Potential Applications of Plant Genetic Engineering Agricultural improvements of a crop plant Use as a bioreactor for production of proteins and metabolites Accelerate traditional breeding Create novel characteristics The study of biological processes 第一节 植物遗传转化的基础 一、植物组织培养技术 1. 愈伤组织培养 从植物体上切取的小片组织（外植体， explant ）放在含有低浓度植物激素的培养 基上培养，会在切口的表面长出未分化的细 胞团——愈伤组织 在含有不同激素的培养基中，愈伤组织可分 化成根、芽、花或整个植株 2. 细胞悬浮培养 当愈伤组织被转入液体培养基振荡培养时， 细胞团会分散成为单细胞、小细胞团、大细 胞团的悬浮培养物 悬浮培养物可无限培养，但会发生聚集 遗传不稳定性导致突变的积累，细胞异源化 3. 原生质体 原生质体融合 原生质体转化 4. 植株的再生 Whole fertile plants can be regenerated from tissue explants, callus, cell suspensions or protoplasts by placing them on appropriate media. DNA can be introduced into most types of plant material—protoplasts, cell suspensions, callus, tissue explants, gametes, seeds, zygotes, embryos, organs and whole plants. The ability to recovery fertile plants from such material is often the limiting step in plant genetic engineering rather than the DNA transfer process itself. 二、植物基因转移方法 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gene Gun Protoplast transformation Electroporation Microinjection Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid with the new gene cell’s +