矩阵理论和应用(张跃辉)(上海交大)第四章答案.pdf

1. 50 2. 30 35 (2) 37 log 46 3. (1) 13 3” ;” (2) 46 1. , , U , U ∗AU : ⎛ −1 i 0 ⎞ ⎛ 0 i 1 ⎞ ⎛ i i 0 ⎞ (1) A = ⎝ −i 0 −i ⎠; (2) A = ⎝ −i 0 0 ⎠; (3) A = ⎝ i 1 0 ⎠. 0 i −1 1 0 0 0 i i ⎛ i 1 i ⎞ √6 √2 √3 ⎜ ⎟ 2 1 ∗ √ √ (1) U = 0 − , U AU = diag (1, −1, −2); ⎝ i6 1 i 3 ⎠ √6 √2 √3 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ √ √ 0 2 2 ⎜ i i i ⎟ ∗ √ √ √ (2) U = − , U AU = diag (0, − 2, 2); ⎝ ⎠ 2 2 2 1 1 1 √ − 2 2 2 (3) (A∗ ∗ A = AA ), . 2. . ? Aα = 0, α∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ A Aα = 0. A A A = AA , α AA α = 0, (A∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ α)A α = 0A α = 0N (A) ⊂ N (A ). A = 0 1 N (A) = {(0, x)T : x ∈ C} 0 0 N (AT ) = {(x, )T : x ∈ C}. 3. . A B A B 4. A ∈ Cn ×n , A ⇐⇒ A n . A U U ∗AU = D AU = DU U A 5. A n , x . (1) A − xI ; (2) x, Ax A∗x ; (3) A A∗ ; (4) A . 40 (1) U ∗AU = D U ∗ (A − xI )U = D − xI (2) (Ax)∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ (Ax) = x A Ax = x AA x = (A x) (A x), Ax A x ; (3) U ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗