Economic Strategy to Combat Non-Point Pollution in China精品分析.docVIP

Economic Strategy to Combat Non-Point Pollution in China Pedosphere15(2):156163,2005 ISSN1002.-0160/CN32?-1315/P ⑥2005SCIENCEPRESS,BEIJING Bio.EconomicStrategytoCombatNon—Point PollutioninChina WEIYong—Ping,CHENDe—Li,B.DAVIDSONandR.E.WHITE InstituteofLandandFoodResources,TheUniversityofMelbourne,Parkville,Victoria3010ustralia).E—mail delichen@unimelb.edu.au (ReceivedDecember21,2004;revisedJanuary18,2005) ABSTRACT Whnenon-pointpollutionfromagriculturehasbecomeanincreasinglyseriousprobleminChina.someprogresshas beenmadeinstudyingthecausalbiophysicalprocesses.However.fewstudieshaveassessedtheeconomicconsequences ofnon—pointpollutioninChinaorthepolicyoptionsthatcouldbeemployedtocombatit.Inthisworkasustainable strategytocontrolnon—pointpollutionfromcropproduction,whichinvolvedtaxingexcessiveinputsofirrigationwater andfertilizer,wasproposed.Theapproachtakentoassessthesemeasurescombinedbiophysicalandeconomicmodels, havingatrade-offbetweeneconomicreturnsandanimprovedenvironment.Aprovenandpracticalspatiallyreferenced waterandnutrientmanagementmodelwasusedtodeterminethequantitiesofexcessiveirrigationwaterandfertilizerfor specificsoilandlanduse.Also,asetofindicatorswereproposedforevaluatingtheeffectsofagriculturaleconomicoutput andagriculturalpracticesontheenvironment KeyWords:cropproduction,integratedbiophysical—economicmodel,non—pointpollution,policyinstrument,sustainable strategy INTRODUCTION Non—pointpollutionfronlagricultureisbecomingthedominantsourceofwaterpollutioninChina andanimportantsourceofairpollution.Theprimarycauseofthisnon—pointpollutionhasbeenthe overuseofnitrogenfertilizersandirrigationongrainandvegetablecrops(ZhuandChen,2002).So farmoststudieshavefocusedonquantifyingandidentifyingthebiophysicalmeasurestocontrolthe pollution.However,therearefewstudiesonthepolicyinstrumentsneededtocombatthisproblem. Inthispaper,aninterdisciplinaryapproachtomodelingandthencontrollingnon—pointpollution incropproductionsystemsinChinawasproposed.Inundertakingthistask,first,research