论分期付款买卖合同中的期待权.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 3 论分期付款买卖合同中的期待权 法律二系 纪红心 [关键词] 分期付款买卖合同 期待权 附条件的物权 [摘要] 分期付款买卖合同与普通买卖合同相比，其独特之处仅在于标的物先行给付和价款分期偿付，而在所有权的转移与风险责任的承担等方面，除非有特别约定，否则与普通买卖合同并无不同。就买受人而言，其权利往往会因实力雄厚的出卖人在订立分期付款买卖合同时附加一些不利的条款而受到侵害。但相比较而言，出卖人牺牲的利益和承受的风险要大一些，法律应注重保护出卖人的权利，现在实践中大多在分期付款买卖合同中采用所有权保留、期限利益丧失、合同解除等条款予以实现，但出卖人借助合同，利用其优势地位侵害买受人权利的现象时有发生。但无论买卖双方订立何种条款保护自己的利益，其围绕的核心始终是买卖合同中的标的物。因此如何确定双方在履行了分期付款买卖合同后所实施的其他行为是否有效，首要的问题是确定分期付款买卖合同中期待权之性质。 Abstract Comparing with ordinary sales contract, installment contract has its own characteristics of delivering of subject matter in advance and installment plan. While in aspects of title transferring and risk bearing, there is no deference between the two types of contracts above mentioned except there is special stipulation. As to the buyer, his rights are apt to be aggrieved by disadvantageous clauses addition to the installment contract concluded by predominant seller. However, balancing the status of the two parties, seller bears more risk and will loss more benefit. Therefore our law should pay more attention to protect seller’s right. In practice, there are usually some clauses in the installment contract to protect seller’s right such as title reservation clause, benefit loss of period clause, contract rescinding clause and so on. On the other hand, the seller often aggrieves buyer’s rights by taking the advantage of his predominant status during contract negotiation. In any cases, the core of all these clauses made by the two parties is always the subject matter of the sales contract. Therefore, in order to confirm whether other conducts are valid or not after the performance of the installment contract, the all-important thing is to define the character of expectation right in the installment contract. 买卖合同是商品交换的基本法律形式，是日常生活中最常见的法律行为之一。虽然在各国立法及学者著述中，何谓买卖合同，其规定或见解并非统一，但实质却统归其一：即买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。一般而言，出卖人向买受人转移属于自己的标的物（所有权），买受人为此支付了相应的价款，该买卖合同即告完成。然而，当事人订立合同的目的就是双方都会因此获得利益，正如亨利·梅因教授所说：“进步社会的运动一直是合同形态的运动”①，随着自由主义的胜利，市场经济的发展，买卖合同的形式也