Radiographic Positioning of the Shoulder精品文档.doc

Section objectives: Skull Series At the conclusion of this course the student doctor should; Be able to efficiently conduct a skull and/or sinus series including determining the cassette size and orientation, setting of technical factors, patient positioning, placement of filters/shields, and giving patient instructions. Be able to identify the significant anatomy demonstrated on each view of the series. Standard Skull Series - 4 view series ? A-P skull (aka Towne) ? P-A skull (aka Caldwell) ? R lateral ? L lateral ? Basilar view (optional) Sinus Series - 3 view series ? P-A sinus (aka Caldwell) ? Waters Lateral (side closest to pain or left) A-P Skull (Towne View) PREPARE THE ROOM Cassette: black, 10? x 12?, lengthwise (tall, flash up) Tube: 40? FFD, 30o caudal tube tilt Technique: 80 kVp, small focal spot Measure: through central ray Filter/shield: gonad (? apron) PREPARE THE PATIENT Position: Patient is fully gowned with no jewelry, hairpins, glasses, etc. Patient is supine and centered on the table. Depress chin to bring canthomeatal line perpendicular to film. The sagittal plane should be perpendicular to film. Central ray: 6 cm above the superciliary arch at the hairline, through the foramen magnum. Collimation: To skull size. Marker: R or L. EXPOSURE Patient directions: “Hold still, don’t move” – expose. EVALUATION CRITERIA: A-P skull. Entire skull visualized on the radiograph. Equal distance from foramen magnum to lateral edge of skull on both sides. Dorsum sella and posterior clinoids projected into foramen magnum. Symmetrical petrous ridges visualized superior to mastoids. Occipital bone visualized. Patient identification and R/L marker should be clearly visible without blocking anatomy. P-A Skull (Caldwell) PREPARE THE ROOM Cassette: black, 10? x 12?, lengthwise (tall, flash up) Tube: 40? FFD, 15o caudal tube tilt Technique: 80 kVp, small focal spot Measure: through central ray Filter/shield: gonad (? apron) PREPARE THE PATIENT Pos