生物―非离子型表面活性剂对土壤石油污染的清除.docVIP

生物―非离子型表面活性剂对土壤石油污染的清除 　　摘要：为了研究鼠李糖脂与化学型表面活性剂复配体系清除土壤石油污染的效果，以吐温和司盘系列非离子型表面活性剂为研究对象，通过动态接触角测量仪测定各单组分的胶束浓度，进而考察鼠李糖脂浸膏与4种非离子型表面活性剂的最佳复配比例，并对其模拟石油污染土壤的清除石油效果及影响因素进行评价。结果表明，二元复配的非离子型表面活性剂体系比单一组分的清除石油效果好，添加少量的鼠李糖脂可大幅度降低复配体系的表面张力，清除石油效果明显提高。当0.3 g/L鼠李糖脂与4.0 g/L司盘60复配、固液比为1∶20（m/V，g∶mL），水浴为70 ℃时，复配体系对石油的去除率达到79.64%，2次清洗对石油的去除率可提高到82.91%。 　　关键词：鼠李糖脂；发酵浸膏；非离子型表面活性剂；复配体系；去油效率 　　中图分类号：TE357.46 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）06-1277-04 　　Removing Petroleum Polluted Soil with Biological Nonionic Surfactant 　　LONG Jiang-xue，FU Hai-yan，GAO Pan-feng，LI Dai-lin，CHEN Zhen-xing 　　（Environmental Science and Engineering College ， Xiamen University of Technology， Xiamen 361024，China） 　　Abstract： In order to investigate the oil removing ratio in polluted soil， micelle concentration of 4 kinds of non-ionic surfactants such as Tween60/80 and Span60/80 were studied by a dynamic contact angle measuring instrument. The optimal concentration ratio of rhamnolipid fermentation extract compound with four kinds of non-ionic surfactants were determined. The efficiency of oil displacement and the impact factors were evaluated. The results showed that the compound surfactant system was better than singleness. The efficiency of oil displacement increased signifficantly when lower concentration of rhamnolipid was added. The optimal combination system was 0.3 g/L rhamnolipid and 4.0 g/L Span 60. The ratio of material to liquid was 1∶20（m/V，g∶mL）. The oil displacement rate reached a maximum ratio of 79.64%（washing 1 times）at 70 ℃ and reached to 82.91% when it was washed 2 times. 　　Key words： rhamnolipid； fermentation extract； non-ionic surfactant； compound systems； oil removal efficiency 　　随着经济的发展，中国对石油产品的需求骤增，由此带来的石油污染问题尤其是土壤污染问题日益严重。石油污染会严重影响土地的使用功能，导致植被破坏和生态变异、农作物代谢过程紊乱、水体严重污染等环境问题，进而影响人体健康[1，2]。石油污染场地的土壤修复已成为中国当前环境领域研究的热点和亟待解决的重大环境问题之一[3]。鼠李糖脂是由铜绿假单胞菌代谢产生的生物表面活性剂[4]，具有更强的表面润湿性和增溶效果，能形成较低的油水界面张力体系[5]，提高原油采收率[6]，有效地促进烷烃的生物降解且环境友好[7]，从而修复石油污染土壤。鼠李糖脂与其他表面活性剂复配得到的混合溶液通常能获得比单一表面活性剂溶液更加良好的清除石油的效应[8-10