嵌入式视频处理基本原理第1部分共5部分-Read.DOCVIP

Fundamentals of Embedded Video Processing (Part 1 of a 5-part series ) 嵌入式视频处理基本原理（第1部分，共5部分） By David Katz and Rick Gentile, ADI公司 As consumers, we’re intimately familiar with video systems in many embodiments. However, from the embedded developer’s viewpoint, video represents a tangled web of different resolutions, formats, standards, sources and displays. 作为消费者，我们对于各种形式的视频系统都已经了如指掌。不过，从嵌入式开发者的角度来看，视频技术就好象是一个具有不同的分辨率、格式、标准、信源和显示的复杂网络。 In this series, we will strive to untangle some of this intricate web, focusing on the most common circumstances you’re likely to face in today’s media processing systems. After reviewing the basics of video, we will discuss some common scenarios you may encounter in embedded video design and provide some tips and tricks for dealing with challenging video design issues. 在本章中，我们只对视频中的某些方面进行具体阐述，这些方面都是当今多媒体处理系统中比较常见的问题。首先，简要介绍视频方面的基本知识，然后，将会重点讨论一些在嵌入式多媒体设计中常见的问题，同时，也将针对一些具有挑战性的视频设计问题，提供一些技巧与窍门。 Human Visual Perception 人类视觉感知 Let’s start by discussing a little physiology. As we’ll see, understanding how our eyes work has paved an important path in the evolution of video and imaging. 首先来讨论一些简单的生理学问题。正如我们将看到的那样，对我们的眼睛的工作原理的理解为视频和成像技术的发展铺设出一条重要的道路。 Our eyes contain 2 types of vision cells: rods and cones. Rods are primarily sensitive to light intensity as opposed to color, and they give us night vision capability. Cones, on the other hand, are not tuned to intensity, but instead are sensitive to wavelengths of light between 400nm(violet) and 770nm(red). Thus, the cones provide the foundation for our color perception. 眼睛包含两种视觉细胞：杆状细胞和视锥细胞。杆状细胞主要对亮度信息敏感，而对颜色信息不敏感，它们使我们具备夜视能力。与此相反，视锥细胞对亮度并不敏感，但对400nm（紫光）～770nm（红光）波长范围内的光比较敏感。因此，这些视锥细胞使我们能够感知色彩。 There are 3 types of cones, each with a different pigment that’s either most sensitive to red, green or blue energy, although there’s a lot of overlap between the three responses. Taken together, the response of our cones peaks in the green region, at around 555 nm. This is why,