[医学]张敏跃分子生物学进展肿瘤标志物.pptVIP

Discovery of Cancer Biomarkers 张敏跃 南京大学生命科学院 Statistics More than 11 million people are diagnosed with cancer every year. It is estimated that there will be 16 million new cases every year by 2020. From a total of 58 million deaths worldwide in 2005, cancer accounts for 7.6 million (or 13%) of the global mortality. Deaths from cancer in the world are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 9 million people dying from cancer in 2015 and 11.4 million dying in 2030. In the US in 2006, over 1.4 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed. Over half a million people died from this disease, accounting for approximately 25% of all deaths in the US each year How to Improve the Situation? Prevention Detection Cancer is a disease of genetic progression that is often associated with specific molecular, genetic and histological changes. The ability to develop biomarkers that can detect the critical components of these hallmarks of cancer together provides a powerful basis for diagnosing, monitoring and predicting outcome and response to treatment. How to Improve the Situation? The goal of cancer biomarker field is to develop simple non-invasive tests that indicate cancer risk, allow early cancer detection, classify tumors so that the patient can receive the most appropriate therapy and monitor disease progression, regression and recurrence. 3. Treatment Concept of Cancer Biomarkers Definition of biological markers Biological markers (biomarkers) have been defined by Hulka and colleagues (1990) as “cellular, biochemical or molecular alterations that are measurable in biological media such as human tissues, cells, or fluids.” Hulka BS. Overview of biological markers. In: Biological markers in epidemiology (Hulka BS, Griffith JD, Wilcosky TC, eds), pp 3–15. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. More recently, the definition has been broadened to include “biological characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of