恰空分析——一种古老音乐体裁的历史变迁-an analysis of coincidence —— the historical changes of an ancient music style.docx

摘要 摘要 西安音乐学院硕士论文 西安音乐学院硕士论文 I I II II 摘要 “恰空”（Ciaccona），一种几乎与“帕萨卡里亚”同时由舞曲形成，逐渐 演变为一特定的音乐体裁，即严格的古变奏曲类型。约在 16 世纪末由墨西哥传入 西班牙；这一音乐体裁先在意大利做为一种舞蹈的伴奏音乐在和声上得到了发展； 后传入法国、德国。巴洛克时期，由巴赫等人在音乐史上获得高度发展，开始在 欧洲流行，成为盛行于 17、18 世纪与“帕萨卡利亚”并驾齐驱的另一种严格变奏 曲形式；也同“帕萨卡里亚”一样，经历了 19 世纪古典和浪漫时期约一百余年的 衰退；20 世纪又得以重新复兴。 由于“恰空”和“帕萨卡里亚”在历史上同生共长、同衰共兴，又在节拍、 调式、速度、规模等因素上有着许多共同之处，常常难以区分，像两条总是缠绕、 纠结在一起的古树藤，往往被相题并论，甚至被混淆。但是正如它们有着不同的 名称一样，二者在主题形态、主题陈述方式、变奏依据、织体类型、调式调性、 体裁特征等方面都存在着一定的差别。我们认为将二者的缘源、缠绕、纠结与异 同关系进行必要的追溯与梳理，最终进行界定性的分析与研究以引起学术界、音 乐界在当前时代对“恰空”这一古老的音乐体裁加以足够的认识和关注，并对它 的传承与发展提供一些有益的参考与借鉴是非常必要的，这就是本文的命题意义 所在。 关键词：恰空； 帕萨卡利亚； 固定和声； 作品分析； 异同； 变革发展 ABSTRACT Ciaccona, was almost like Passacaglia, derived from dance music, and gradually evolved into a specific music genre, i.e., a type of strict classical variation. The genre was introduced to Spain from Mexico approximately at the end of the 16th century. Earlier in Italy it was used as accompanying music of dances, and consequently the harmonic aspect of this genre was developed. Later on, it was spread into France and Germany. In the period of Baroque, it was highly developed in the music history by those artists, like Bach and began to prevail in Europe. Accordingly, it became another strict variation form prevalent in the 17th and 18th century that possessed an equal stance with Passacaglia. Though Ciaccona had experienced the same as Passacaglia, about a hundred years’ recession in 19th century due to the influence of the classical and romantic period, it was again revived in the 20th century. It is because Ciaccona and Passacaglia, as if they were two twined and intertwined old tree vines, have appeared, developed, declined, and revived historically simultaneously and have many things in common, on their meters, modes, speed and scopes, that it is always difficult to tell them apart. And they are often mentioned in the same breath and even are confused with each other. However, just as their distinct names suggest, the t