健康教育系列讲座吸烟与健康.ppt

要吸烟还是要健康？ 您去选择吧！ ------世界卫生组织 * *重点掌握： 1、烟草的使用情况 2、吸烟有关的概念 了解： 1、烟草的有害成分和作用 2、对吸烟者和被动吸烟者的危害 3、控烟策略 * 希望大家从现在做起，树立健康的 生活方式，拥有健康、幸福的人生！ * * Key Point Gender-specific smoking prevalence varies across the world. Background Worldwide, there are marked differences in smoking prevalence rates between men and women from country to country. For example, in South Africa, the Philippines, China, Iran, and Portugal, smoking prevalence is much lower in women than in men. In contrast, in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Iceland, the prevalence of smoking in men is only slightly higher than that in women.1 Overall, the prevalence of smoking in men is declining. However, although smoking prevalence in women is declining in some countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada, in several southern, central, and eastern European countries, the rate of smoking in women is not in decline or is still increasing.1 Reference 1. Mackay J, Eriksen M, Shafey O. The Tobacco Atlas. Second ed. American Cancer Society Myriad Editions Limited. Atlanta, Georgia, 2006. Also available online at: /statmap/. * Key Point Nicotine addiction is a cycle which begins with nicotine binding to receptors in the brain causing the release of dopamine which in turn results in feelings of pleasure and calmness. Background The distribution of nicotine is very rapid. It can reach the brain within 10 to 20 seconds after inhaling cigarette smoke.1 The binding of nicotine to its relevant receptors results in the release of multiple neurotransmitters, most critically dopamine. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens neurons is thought to play a critical role in the addictive nature of nicotine. This release of dopamine requires binding of nicotine to ?4?2 receptors.1,2 Absorption of cigarette smoke from the lungs is rapid and complete, producing with each inhalation a high concentration of arterial nicotine that reaches the brain within 10 to 16 seconds. Nico