【毕业论文】闺阃中的身心诊疗师—明代女性医护者研究.docVIP

PAGE 学号 2010300950098 密级________________ 武汉大学本科毕业论文 闺阃中的身心诊疗师 ——明代女性医护者研究 院(系)名 称 ： 历史学院 专 业 名 称 ： 历史学基地班 学 生 姓 名 ： 指 导 教 师 ： 副教授 二○一四年五月 BACHELORS DEGREE THESIS OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY Physical and Psychological Therapists of Female Boudoir: Research on Women Healers in Ming Dynasty College : History Subject : Chinese History Name : Wang Chao Qun Directed by : Wang Xue Hua Associate Professor May 2014 摘 要 女医、药婆、稳婆等女性医护者是明代社会中一个较为特殊的医疗群体，她们主要为女性提供医疗、生育和心理慰藉的服务，是闺阃中不可或缺的身心诊疗师。由于明代理学思想对女性从业者的限制和束缚，加之部分女性医护者确实在知识、技术及品行等方面存在着各种问题，因而这一群体在明代社会中备受争议，褒贬不一。明代士人普遍对女性医护者持批评态度，同为医者的男医虽认可部分女医、稳婆的作用，但在总体上却质疑女性行医的价值和能力，而女患者则对女性医护者较为信任。 实际上，明代女性医护者的存在自有其职业价值和积极的社会功能。她们的不断涌现，打破了男性对医疗行业的垄断，展现出女性就业的潜在能力，增强了女性自身的话语权和自主权。而且，随着社会性别意识和价值观念的发展变化，女性医护者的职业空间和活动范围不断扩大，其社会功能也逐渐多样化和全面化，最终成为明代社会中必不可少的职业女性群体。 关键词：明代；女性医护者；女医；稳婆；尼巫；职业女性 ABSTRACT Female doctors, medicine women, midwives and other women who served as women healers are a quite special medical group in Ming Dynasty. At that time they mainly provided medical and fertility services, mental comfort for the female patients. They are an integral part of physical and psychological therapists in female boudoir. Meanwhile, women healers consist of many types of women, who may have various problems in knowledge, technology and other aspects of behavior so they are faced with many different evaluations. Scholars in Ming Dynasty generally criticize this special group. Although traditional male doctors recognize the important role of some female doctors and midwives play in social medical, but in the mass, they question the values and capabilities of women healers, while the female patients trust them from the heart. In essence, women healers’ presence have certain professi