施肥与灌溉对黑土区稻田氮素渗漏淋溶影响.docVIP

施肥与灌溉对黑土区稻田氮素渗漏淋溶影响 　　摘要：为明确东北黑土区稻田土壤氮素渗漏规律，在典型黑土区开展了基于农田水平衡的小区试验，分析了不同灌溉方式和施氮水平条件下稻田土壤渗漏水中三氮浓度变化情况，并结合农田水平衡方程计算出了不同水肥条件下的氮素淋失总量。结果表明，渗漏水中铵态氮、硝态氮和总氮浓度与施氮量呈正相关关系，控制灌溉和浅湿灌溉分别可以减少硝态氮渗漏浓度1189%和1415%；常规灌溉方式下每公顷每增加1 kg施氮量（折合成纯氮），氮素淋失量增加0117 5 kg，控制灌溉和浅湿灌溉则分别增加0035 9 kg和0055 7 kg；在水稻全生育期，控制灌溉氮素淋失总量最小，平均为451 kg/hm2 ，约是常规灌溉的1/3、浅湿灌溉的1/2。综合分析认为，浅湿灌溉是适用性更高的灌溉方式，理论合理施肥量为13730 kg/hm2。 　　关键词：黑土区；水稻田；氮素；渗漏淋溶；水肥管理 　　中图分类号：S158 文献标志码：A 文章编号2016 　　Influence of fertilization and irrigation on nitrogen percolation leaching in black soil region 　　SHI Min1，XIAO Weihua2，WANG Chunmei1，HAO Cailian2，3 　　（1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Beijing Forest University，Beijing 100083，China； 　　2.Water Resources Department，China Institute of water resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100083，China； 　　3.Environmental Science and Engineering Department，Donghua University，Shanghai 201620，China） 　　Abstract：In order to clarify the realities of nitrogen leakage in paddy soil in black soil area of Northeast China and to understand nitrogen migration pattern，a district experimental was developed in typical black district based on farmland water balance，so as to control the nitrogen leakage and reduce groundwater pollution threat.The three nitrogen concentration changes in leakage water of paddy soil under different irrigation and nitrogen level conditions were analyzed，and the total amount of nitrogen leaching in different treatment was calculated using the water balance equation.Results showed that the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen in the leaching water were positively correlated with nitrogen application amount.Control irrigation and wetshallow irrigation can reduce 11.89% and 14.15% of nitrate leakage concentration，respectively.Nitrogen leaching amount increased 0.117 5 kg per hectare with each additional kilogram of nitrogen （converted into pure nitrogen） when using normal irrigation，it was respectively 0.035 9 k