考研资料：北京大学细胞生物学 第五章 物质的跨膜运输上.pptxVIP

1 A motor neuron cell body in the spinal cord. (A) Many thousands of nerve terminals synapse on the cell body and dendrites. These deliver signals from other parts of the organism to control the firing of action potentials along the single axon of this large cell. (B) Micrograph showing a nerve cell body and its dendrites stained with a fluorescent antibody that recognizes a cytoskeletal protein (green). Thousands of axon terminals (red) from other nerve cells (not visible) make synapses on the cell body and dendrites; they are stained with a fluorescent antibody that recognizes a protein in synaptic vesicles. 2 Chapter 5 Learning Objectives: 1. Principles of membrane transport; 2. Passive transport and active transport; 3. Two main classes of membrane transport proteins: Carriers and Channels; 4. The ion transport systems; 5. Endocytosis and Phagocytosis: cellular uptake of macromolecules and particles. A. The Movement of Substances Across Cell Membranes 3  Figure 11-1 The relative permeability of a synthetic lipid bilayer to different classes of molecules.    The smaller the molecule and, more important, the fewer hydrogen bonds it makes with water, the more rapidly the molecule diffuses across the bilayer. B. The protein-free lipid bilayers are highly impermeable to ions. If uncharged solutes are small enough, they can move down their concentration gradients directly across the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion. Most solutes can cross the membrane only if there is a membrane transport protein to transfer them. Passive transport, in the same direction as a concentration gradient. Active transport, is mediated by carrier proteins, against a concentration gradient, require an input of energy. Diffusion of small molecules across phospholipid bilayers 4  Figure 11-2 Permeability coefficients (cm/sec) for the passage of various molecules through synthetic lipid bilayers.    The rate of flow of a solute across the bilayer is directly proportio