生物炭对香草兰生长及根际土壤微生物影响.docVIP

生物炭对香草兰生长及根际土壤微生物影响 　　摘要：采用室内培养试验，研究施用生物炭对香草兰（Vanilla planifolia Andrews）生长和根际土壤微生物的影响。试验共设5个处理，分别是不添加生物炭（CK）和干土中添加生物炭10 g/kg（C1）、30g/kg（C2）、50g/kg（C3）、100g/kg（C4）。结果表明，施用生物炭促进了香草兰植株地上部和根系的生长，与CK相比，C2处理的地上部和根系干重分别增加50.0 %和74.7%。C2处理的总根长、根系表面积分别较CK增加28.7 %和12.9%。香草兰连作土壤中施入生物炭增加了香草兰根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量，以C2处理的细菌、放线菌数量最多，分别为CK处理的1.49倍和1.75倍。并且生物炭处理的根际土壤真菌数量显著降低。总之，施用生物炭可以促进香草兰生长，改善连作土壤的微生物环境，且以干土中添加生物炭30 g/kg处理的效果最佳。 　　关键词：香草兰（Vanilla planifolia Andrews）；生物炭；根系形态；土壤微生物 　　中图分类号：S573+.9；S141.6；S154.36 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）22-5647-05 　　Abstract： A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar on vanilla （Vanilla planifolia Andrews） growth and rhizosphere soil microbial community structure. There were five installed treatments， no biochar plus （CK）， dry soil plus 10 g/kg of biochar （C1）， dry soil plus 30 g/kg biochar （C2）， dry soil plus 50 g/kg of biochar（C3）， and dry soil plus 100 g/kg of biochar（C4）. Results show that biochar plays a very important role in promoting vanilla shoot growth and root development. C2 treatment could obviously increase vanilla plant above ground and root dry weight by 50.0% and 74.7% compared with control. The total root length， root surface area of C2 treatment was 28.7% and 12.9% higher than CK， respectively. Application of biochar in continuous cropping soil of vanilla could increase the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes， and significantly decrease the quantity of fungi in rhizosphere soil. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes of C2 treatment was 1.49， 1.75 times higher than the control. In conclusion， application of biochar in continuous cropping soil of vanilla could effectively promote vanilla plant growth， significantly improve soil microbial environment， and dry soil plus 30 g/kg biochar effect is the best. 　　Key words： Vanilla planifolia Andrews； biochar； root morphology； soil microbes 　　香草兰（Vanilla planifolia Andrews）是兰科（Orchidaceae）热带攀缘藤本香料植物，素有“天然食品香料之王”的美誉。其鲜豆荚经过生香加工后含有250多种芳香成分，香气独特，被广泛作为高级香烟、名酒、茶