生草栽培对火龙果果园土壤特性及微生态环境影响.docVIP

生草栽培对火龙果果园土壤特性及微生态环境影响 　　摘 要 通过在火龙果园中间种3个不同品种的牧草，研究不同生草栽培模式对果园土壤理化性状及微生态环境的影响，为火龙果园生态栽培提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明：3种生草栽培可明显改善火龙果果园土壤物理性状，土壤容重下降了13.29%～15.83%，土壤总孔隙度增加了43.65%～72.28%，毛管孔隙度和土壤含水量分别增加了33.91%～55.89%和43.66%～72.28%，影响程度为紫花苜蓿柱花草百喜草；3种生草栽培使土壤有机质，全氮、碱解氮含量明显增加，对土壤有效磷和速效钾含量的影响则因牧草品种不同出现较大的差异，间作紫花苜蓿和百喜草表现增加，而间作柱花草则明显减少；3种生草栽培均能有效提高火龙果果园相对湿度，降低气温和土壤温度，并能抑制火龙果园杂草的滋生，有效改善了果园微生态环境。 　　关键词 生草栽培 ；火龙果 ；土壤特性 ；微生态环境 ；间作 ；紫花苜宿 ；柱花草 ；百喜草 　　分类号 S667.9 　　Abstract The effects of different grass cultivations on the soil property and micro-ecological environment in Pitava orchard were examined in this study by interplanting three different varietal grasses， including Medicago sativa L.， Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Reyan and Paspalum notatum flugge. Results indicated that all the three grass cultivations obviously improved the soil properties， the volume weight moved down 13.29%～15.83%， the total porosity increased 43.65%～72.28%， the capillary porosity and moisture content respectively increased 33.91%～55.89% and 43.66%～72.28%， M. sativa had the best effectiveness and S. guianensis was better than P. notatum. The soil organic matter， total nitrogen and available nitrogen also significantly increased after interplanting the three grasses. But the soil available phosphorus and available potassium contents showed different， they increased in M. sativa and P. notatum cultivations while significantly decreased in S. guianensis cultivation. The three grass cultivations not only effectively enhanced the relative humidity and lowered the air temperature and soil temperature， but also suppressed the weed propagation and improved the orchard micro-ecological environment. 　　Keywords grass cultivation ； pitaya ； soil property ； micro-ecological environment ； intercrop ； Medicago sativa L. ； Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Reyan ； Paspalum notatum 　　果园生草栽培是在果树行间或全园种植草本植物作为土壤覆盖的一种生态果园模式[1]，一些发达国家已普遍开展果园生草栽培技术研究和应用，我国起步相对较晚[2]，大部分果园的土壤耕作管理措施仍然以清耕方式为主，果园生草栽培技术依然处于田间试验阶段[3]。近年来我国开展了大量的果园生草栽培方面的研究，研究结果较为