药桑Morus nigra在重庆引种研究.docVIP

药桑Morus nigra在重庆引种研究 　　[摘要]药桑Morus nigra是新疆特有的黑桑种质资源，主要分布在南疆地区、种群数量少，采用嫁接引种。其次生代谢产物含量高，是民间常用的传统中药，具有重要的科学研究和应用开发价值。为解决药桑引种难的问题，作者从2011年起成功建立了药桑组织培养快繁体系，随后将药桑组织培养苗移栽到田间进行引种实验。作者首次报道了药桑引种到重庆田间的生长和病虫害状况，发现组织培养药桑能形成发达的根系，其生长状况优于嫁接药桑，主要受到蓟马危害。该研究建立的药桑引种技术，为药桑的规模化栽培和高效利用奠定了基础。 　　[关键词]药桑；植物组织培养；黑桑；引种 　　[Abstract]Medicine mulberry （Morus nigra） mainly distributed in southern areas of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region and introduced by grafting， is a unique Morus species， whose plant number is little As a traditional herbal medicine， medicine mulberry with high levels of secondary metabolites has important values of scientific research and utilization In order to solve the introduction problems for medicine mulberry， we have established its rapid propagation system through tissue culture since 2011 The shoots of medicine mulberry through tissue culture were transplanted into the field to carry out an introduction experiment Here， we firstly reported that the growth status and pest and disease occurrence of medicine mulberry in the field of Chongqing and found that the medicine mulberry through tissue culture had welldeveloped root system， it showed better growth than medicine mulberry by grafting technique， and Pseudodendrothrips moil was a major pest of medicine mulberry The introduction technique for medicine mulberry established successfully in this study could lay the foundation for largescale cultivation and high efficiency utilization of medicine mulberry 　　[Key words]medicine mulberry； plant tissue culture； Morus nigra； introduction 　　doi：10.4268/cjcm 　　药桑（medicine mulberry）属蔷薇目Rosales桑科Moraceae桑属Morus L黑桑种M. nigra L[1]，在显花植物中具有最多的染色体[2]，基于桑属染色体基数为7的研究[3]，药桑是44倍体。16世纪，黑桑从伊朗西部引入中国新疆南部地区[4]，称为药桑，是维吾尔族的传统民间中药，用于治疗扁桃体炎、贫血[5]、咽炎[6]等症。 　　药桑富含活性次生物质，具有消炎、抗氧化、降血压、美白等功能[7]。与白桑M. alba L、红桑M. rubra L相比黑桑含有更高的酚类和总黄酮[811]，是珍贵的药物和营养制品原料[12]，药桑次生物质药理活性高于其他桑树种[1316]。药桑总黄酮[1718]、花青素[19]、生物碱[20 21]、多糖[2223]等次生物质的分离、鉴定及活性分析吸引了越来越多的研究。 　　然而，药桑主要分布在我国南疆面积仅100 hm2[24]，种群小