白钨矿酸分解萃取制取磷钨杂多酸盐工艺研究-有色金属冶金专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 目前，我国已探明的白钨精矿储量为 100 万吨，黑钨精矿仅为 20 万吨。长期以来, 由于生产技术水平的限制,我国的钨冶炼生产是以黑钨矿为主。但国内黑钨资源已近枯竭， 白钨矿存在形式又具有组分复杂、品位低、与其他金属伴生、不易开发利用的特点，白钨 矿冶炼过程中又存在废水排放问题，因而为实现白钨冶炼过程的水闭路循环,开展从白钨 矿中提取钨的新工艺研究非常必要。 本文总结了从白钨矿中回收钨的研究成果。并根据白钨矿中钨的赋存和品位特征，为 提高钨冶炼过程钨的浓度,实现水的闭路循环,提出并研究了“盐酸分解-萃取-硫酸再生 法”处理白钨矿的工艺。 通过大量的实验研究，确定了白钨矿盐酸络合浸出反应属液-固相非催化收缩模型， 整个反应过程属于化学反应控制，计算得出该络合反应的表观活化能为 59.8 kJ/mol，其反 应动力学方程为： K = 4.85×108 C0.602C0.505 exp(?59800/ RT) ；在最优工艺参数下白钨矿 3? 3? PO4 经盐酸络合分解，钨分解率达到 99.6%；分解液无需除杂、调酸，采用N235 直接萃取， 钨以磷钨杂多酸根[PW12O40]3-的形式被优先萃取，几乎不萃取磷酸，钨的一级萃取率高达 99.9%，钨与其他杂质的分离效果也非常好；采用NaOH反萃负载有机相，钨的一级反萃 率可达 98%；采用理论用量 1.2 倍的硫酸进行沉钙，盐酸的再生率达到了 93.5%。 关键词：白钨矿；酸分解；N235；萃取 II II Abstract It has been explored reserves of 1 million tons of scheelite, wolframite only 200000 tons in our country at present. For a long time, due to the restriction of production technology level, Chinas tungsten smelting production is mainly wolframite. But the domestic wolframite resource has nearly been exhausted, the scheelite form but also has these characteristics such as complex component, low grade, existence associated with other metal and be difficult to be developed and utilized, the wastewater discharge problem also exist in the process of scheelite smelting, thus to realize water closed-circuit circulation of the scheelite smelting process,which is very necessary to carry out new technology research of extracting tungsten from scheelite. This paper summarizes the recovery research achievements of tungsten from scheelite. And according to the occurrence and taste characteristics of tungsten in the scheelite, to improve the concentration of tungsten of the scheelite smelting process and achieve closed-circuit circulation of water, Proposed and studied“hydrochloric acid decomposition-extraction-sulphuric acid regeneration” process to deal with the scheelite. Through a large number of experimental research, it is determined that the scheelite hydrochloric acid complexation leaching reaction is a liquid-solid phase reaction