英语移就语用分析与翻译.docVIP

英语移就语用分析与翻译 　　摘要：移就修辞格表面上好像搭配不合情理，但实际上却能启发人们的联想，而且具有丰富的表现力。本文分析了英语中移就修辞格的构成方式、表现手法、语用功能并探讨了有效的翻译方法。 　　关键词：移就；语用分析；翻译 　　［中图分类号］H31 　　［文献标识码］A 　　［文章编号］1006-2831(2007)03-0047-4 　　 　　Abstract: The collocation in the figure of speech transferred epithetseems unreasonable, but actually it can arouse rich association and thus it is very expressive. This paper deals with the formation, expression and pragmatic functions of the English transferred epithet. It also probes into the approaches to the translation of the English transferred epithet. 　　Key words: transferred epithet, pragmatic analysis, translation 　　 　　1. 引言 　　 　　汉语中“移就”指的是“遇有甲、乙两个印象连在一起时，作者就把原属于甲印象的性状移属于乙印象”。（陈望道，1976：115）英语中将之称为“transferred epithet”，即：“an adjective used to limit a noun which it cannot logically modify”（李定坤，1994 ：212） ；或hypallage，即 ：“Also known as transferred epithet. A figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from the appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really belong.”（李鑫华，2003：54）。正如Nesfield et al.（1964：284）所说：“When two impressions are associated together in the mind, an epithet that properly belongs to one only is transferred to the other.”“移就”在英语中也是比较常用的一种修辞格，对它有一个完整的认识无疑有助于对英语语言的阅读欣赏和写作。 　　 　　2. 移就的构成方式 　　 　　从语法上来看，英语中的移就有以下构成方式： 　　1）形容词+名词 　　All that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car window. 　　当晚我彻夜不眠，眼前不时重现那副黑手套伸向车窗的一瞬间。 　　Lazy clouds drifted across the sky. 　　白云悠悠。 　　2）现在分词+名词 　　After an unthinking moment, she put the pen into her mouth. 　　想了一会儿，她还是没有什么头绪，便将笔咬在嘴角。 　　The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men. 　　水手们蜂拥而至，汇成欢笑与呼喊的一圈，把那两人围在中心。 　　3）过去分词+名词 　　Instantly from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. 　　霎那间，一大群犹太人从四面八方的黑洞里发疯似地冲了出来。 　　The murderer has been put into the condemned cell. 　　杀人犯已被投进死牢。 　　4）名词+名词 　　The United States has now set up a loneliness industry. 　　美国现在已经创建了一项为孤独老人服务的社会服务事业。 　　The opening of the ports sound