北京部分地区粮食作物和土壤中重金属分布研究-应用化学专业论文.docxVIP

西安理工大 西安理工大学硕士学位论文 3、采用色谱分离和质谱检测相结合，分别研究了砷、汞、硒三种元素在粮食作物中 的存在形态，并建立了这三种元素的形态分析方法。实验结果证明，各种形态的砷、汞、 硒的提取率都超过 67%。北京地区中小麦、大豆、玉米中无机砷含量极低，远远小于国 家限量标准。在砷的形态提取过程中发现三价砷和五价砷有相互转化的现象，但它们的总 量是比较稳定的，所以最终以三价砷和五价砷的加和无机砷的表示方式给出。各种形态的 砷加标回收率在 57.1%～108.9%。汞的提取形式，是以硫脲和盐酸为提取液，以这样方式 提取的汞的形态不易发生改变，并且提取效率较高。北京地区粮食作物中几乎没有甲基汞 存在，汞的各个形态加标回收率在 67.2%～119.4%。硒的形态分析柱采用戴安的阴离子分 析柱 AS11，不同形态的硒实现了基线分离分开，流动相使用碳酸氢铵。硒的加标回收率 在 66.8%～126.8%。定量分析的校准曲线相关系数都大于 0.999。 关键词：农作物；粮食；土壤；重金属；形态分析 Abstract Title: DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN FOOD CROPS AND SOIL IN SOME AREAS OF BEIJING Major: Applied Chemistry Name: Pingli ZHU Signature： Supervisor: Prof. Binghua YAO Signature： Abstract Metal elements act as core of enzyme, which can adjust biological activities. The elements such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium, aluminum, selenium, rare earth elements and their minimum limit are documented in GB 2762-2005. The Codex Alimentarius Commission also regulates lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, methyl mercury, tin as food contaminants. In China, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and chromium in food crops are regulated, for instance, the minimum limit of lead is 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg, the minimum limit of mercury is 0.02 mg/kg, the minimum limit of total mercury is 0.7 mg/kg, the minimum limit of cadmium is 0.05 mg/kg or mg/kg and the minimum limit of chromium is 1.0 mg/kg. The main work of this thesis is as follows: The preparation of wheat, corn, soybean and soil samples in some areas of Beijing (Fangshan, Daxing, Shunyi, Shijing Shan, Mentou Gou, Changping, Miyun and Huairou) was studied. According to the characteristics of the samples and the properties of the heavy metals, the pretreatment methods of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in food crops are established, such as wet digestion, microwave digestion and dry ashing methods. The pretreatment methods of mercury, arsenic and selenium in food crops are established, such as wet digestion and microwave digestion. The digestion meth