光学Nov.-23nd.pptVIP

Light in anisotropic media—— crystal optics, birefringence(下册第七章) Different Polarization Polarization by Selective Absorption The most common technique for polarizing light Uses a material that transmits waves whose electric field vectors in the plane parallel to a certain direction and absorbs waves whose electric field vectors are perpendicular to that direction Polarization by Selective Absorption The principle of polarization: A transverse wave is linearly polarized when its vibrations always occur along one direction. (a) The rope passes a slit parallel to the vibrations, but (b) does not pass through a slit that is perpendicular to the vibrations. Wire Grid Polarizer Wire grid polarizer in the visible Selective Absorption E. Land found a material that polarizes light through selective absorption He called the material polaroid The oriented molecules readily absorb light whose electric field vector is parallel to their lengths and transmit light whose electric field vector is perpendicular to their lengths Selective Absorption The intensity of the polarized beam transmitted through the second polarizing sheet (the analyzer) varies as I = Io cos2 θ ( E= Eo cosθ) Io is the intensity of the polarized wave incident on the analyzer This is known as Malus’ Law and applies to any two polarizing materials whose transmission axes are at an angle of θ to each other Polarization by Reflection q2=90o-qp Snells law ?sinqp/sin(90o-qp)=sinqp/cosqp=n2/n1 n1=1 (air) tanqp=n2=n Polarization by Reflection The angle of incidence for which the reflected beam is completely polarized is called the polarizing angle, θp Brewster’s Law relates the polarizing angle to the index of refraction for the material θp may also be called Brewster’s Angle Polarization by Scattering When light is incident on a system of particles, such as a gas, the electrons in the medium can absorb and reradiate part of the light This process is called scattering An example of s