英文组织学讲义1.doc

英文组织学讲义 Chapter 1? INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY Ⅰ. What Is Histology??? Histology is the scientific study of the normal microscopic structure of the human body as well as their related function(s).A. Microscopic structure (with the help of a microscope) 1. Light microscopic (LM) structure measured with the unit of mm. 2. Electron microscopic (EM) structure measured with nm. B. Related function (functional histology)? Each structure is specially adapted to perform a/the particular function(s), and a given?????? function requires the specific structure(s).C. Four structural levels1. Cells: smallest structural and functional units in the body.2. Tissues: composed of groups of cells. 4 main types of tissues: ①epithelial tissue,?????????? ②connective tissue, ③muscular tissue, ④nervous tissue. 3. Organs: Organizations of several different kinds of tissues that together perform a???????? special function.4. Systems: A system consists of several organs with the similar morphology and related???? functions that together perform more complex functions of the body. Ⅱ. Why to Study Histology?A. Complete the knowledge of human bodys structures -- from gross to microscopic.B. Be able to understand how the different tissues function -- the basis of physiology.C. Can find the diseases only after the normal is known -- the prelude of pathology.D. Become a good doctor in the future -- the foundation of clinic sciences. Ⅲ. How to Study Histology?A. Light microscopy1. Basic steps: fixation, embedding, sectioning, staining.2. The method most commonly used is a paraffin section stained with hematoxylin and?????? eosin (H E). a. H behaves as a basic stain and stains the nucleus purple-blue color; E is an acid dye and stains the cytoplasm pink to red color.b. Tissue components that stain readily with the basic dyes are called basophilic; those???? with an affinity for acid dyes are termed acidophilic. Tissue components that do not readily stain with both basic and acid d