通气孔对掺气坎空腔长度影响试验研究.docVIP

通气孔对掺气坎空腔长度影响试验研究 　　摘要:掺气坎空腔长度是控制掺气减蚀效果的一个重要参数。影响掺气坎空腔长度的因素众多,其中一个是空腔内负压,而空腔内负压又与通气孔的面积有关。通过水槽试验,研究了不同流量、挑坎高度、挑坎坡度、水槽底坡等因素发生变化时,通气孔面积对空腔长度的影响。试验结果表明:通气孔大小对空腔长度的影响明显,在其他条件不变时,通气孔的面积越大,形成的空腔长度就越长,但当通气孔面积大于一定数值后,空腔长度将不再增加。因此在工程中,必须保证合适的通气孔面积,以形成良好的掺气空腔,有效地完成掺气减蚀。 　　关键词:水力学试验;掺气坎;通气孔;空腔长度 　　中图分类号:TV131.34文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1683(2010)05-0058-03 　　 　　Experimental Study of the Effect of Air Vent on the Length of Cavity of Aerators 　　ZHANG Tao??1,BAI Wen-he??2,XU Yi-min??1,SHEN Chun-ying??1,CHU Wei-wei??1,LIU Xiao-lei??3 　　(1.College of Electric Power Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650051,China;2.Yuanjiang Institute of Investigation and Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Yuanjiang 653300,China;3.Hebei Research Institute of Investigation and Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Tianjin 300250,China) 　　 　　Abstract: The cavity length is an important factor to the results of cavitation damage control.There are many factors to influence on the lengths of cavity of aerators.One is the negative pressure in the cavity.The negative pressure in the cavity has some relations with the area of the air vent.By the hydraulic experiments in the flow chute with the different chute slopes and under the different flow discharges and aerator types,how the area of the air vent to affect the cavity length is investigated.The results show that the effect of the air vent area on the length of cavity is obvious.The bigger area of air vent,the longer of the length of cavity when the other hydraulic factors remain unchangeable.But when the areas of the air vent reach some values,the length of the cavity no longer increases with the increase of the air vent area.Therefore in the project,the proper air vent area is important for designing an aerator. 　　Key words: hydraulic experiment;aerator;air vent;cavity length 　　 　　掺气坎等掺气减蚀设施之所以可以减免泄水建筑物的空蚀破坏,是因为利用大气压与掺气空腔内的气体压强差使空气从通气孔自行进入到掺气空腔内,然后掺入到水流中形成达到一定空气浓度的掺气水流,从而使泄水建筑物免遭空蚀破坏。掺气减蚀效果的好坏主要取决于水流通过掺气设施